Team:Edinburgh/biology(tntmutagenity)

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 Overall Description & Design   TNT-Sensing Pathway  Nitrite/Nitrate-Sensing Pathway  Biobrick Parts   Results   Problem Solving and Tips   Materials and Methods   References </a> <ul id="nav" class="dropdown dropdown-horizontal"> <li>Home</a></li>

<li>Biology</a> <ul> <li>Overall Description and Design</a></li> <li>TNT-Sensing Pathway</a></li> <li>Nitrite/Nitrate-Sensing Pathway</a></li> <li>Biobrick Parts</a></li> <li>Results</a></li> <li>Problem Solving and Tips</a></li> <li>Materials and Methods</a></li> <li>References</a></li> </ul> </li>

<li>Modelling</a> <ul> <li>Overall Description</a></li> <li>Gene Regulatory Network</a></li> <li>Real Life Modelling</a></li> <li>Scale Up</a></li> <li>Results</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/modelling%28references%29">References</a></li> </ul> </li>

<li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/ethics%28publicperception%29" class="dir">Underlying Philosophy</a> <ul> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/ethics%28publicperception%29">Public Perception</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/ethics%28legislationissues%29">Legislation issues</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/ethics%28biosafety%29">Biosafety</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/ethics%28summary%29">DEMOCS Card Game</a></li> </ul> </li>

<li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/newinformatics%28introduction%29" class="dir">Informatics</a> <ul> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/newinformatics%28introduction%29">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/newinformatics%28globetutorial%29">Globe Tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/newinformatics%28igemwikhacks%29">iGEM WIKI Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/newinformatics%28conclusions%29">Conclusions</a></li> </ul> </li>

<li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/Notebook">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28teammembers%29" class="dir">Team</a> <ul> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28teammembers%29">Team Members</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28advisors%29">Advisors</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28supervisors%29">Supervisors</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28gallery%29">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28contacts%29">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Edinburgh/team%28acknowledgements%29">Acknowledgements</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <font color="#323131" style="font-size:14px;float:left;margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;">Biology - The Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of TNT

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<img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/e/e4/EdinburghTNTMutagenecity.jpg" style="margin-left:-5px;">

The majority of TNT toxicity studies have been performed by Jehuda Yinon (1990) and have been described in his book Toxicity and Metabolism of Explosives. The studies were for the most part derived from observations of people working closely with TNT at weapons factories or cleanup operations. TNT was found to be cytotoxic and mildly mutagenic. The primary metabolites of TNT in the body are 4-amino-2, 6-dinitrotoluene and 2, 4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene. TNT along with its metabolites was found to be particularly cytotoxic after prolonged exposure. The most common symptoms of extended TNT exposure are anaemia and hepatotoxicity, as the chemical was found to affect the structure of haemoglobin and be lethal to hepatic cells. If ingested, TNT may cause cyanosis (darkening of the skin or lips due to extreme vasoconstriction), gastritis and, in large doses, toxic jaundice resulting in liver failure and death. 50% of workers exposed to TNT had thermoregulatory disorders, while 20% showed disorders of the nervous system; systolic murmur, bradycardia, systolic hypotension and myocardial dystrophy were also commonly reported. Finally, following TNT leaks into ponds and lakes, the concentration of 5mg/L was found to be lethal to fish, raising serious concerns about the environmental safety of the chemical.

References

<font style="font-size:11px"> Honeycutt, Michael, Susan Jarvis, and Victor McFarland. "Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and Its Metabolites." ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 35 (1996): 282-87. Print.

Yinon, Jehuda. "Toxicity and metabolism of explosives." Google Books. CRC Press Inc. 1990. <a href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BD3c7FN4x5YC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=yinon+tnt+toxicity&source=bl&ots=mJdbVNmpPU&sig=F9zqC1BO9BmSI8Wx0aB7l5XYOgc&hl=en&ei=y6HTSu7EL5OD4QbHu6iqAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=yinon%20tnt%20toxicity&f=false">Link</a>

Edinburgh University iGEM Team 2009