Team:Imperial College London/M2/genes

Regulation for Capsular Synthesis (RCS) Phosphorelay System
RcsB is a transcription factor that forms part of a phosphorelay system. As the name suggests, a phosphorelay system consists of a series of nodes down which a phosphate group is passed. The transfer of this phosphate group down along the Rcs relay system is initiated by membrane stress. Once the phosphate group has been passed to RcsB, it can bind to DNA and act as a transcription factor. Phosphorylated RcsB is thought to regulate ~5% of the E.coli genome 4.



The Rcs phosphorelay is composed of two membrane-anchored proteins, RcsC and RcsD, and a cytoplasmic protein, RcsB. In response to a signal, the sensor kinase RcsC autophosphorylates and the phosphoryl group is transferred to RcsB, via RcsD. RcsB can both homodimerise and heterodimerise with RcsA, these two complexes serve to regulate different operons.

Signal Amplification:
RcsB is able to heterodimerise with the protein RcsA. The RcsB+RcsA complex acts as a transcription factor that induces the expression of a number of genes. One of these genes codes for RcsA, this initiates a positive feedback loop.

       2,022,615   Product: positive DNA-binding transcriptional regulator of capsular polysaccharide synthesis, activates its own expression, subunit of RcsAB transcriptional dual regulator');" onmouseout="return nd;"> Tr.Activators: (GadE RcsAB) Tr.Inhibitors: (Hns)');" onmouseout="return nd;">  

Colanic Acid Biosynthesis:
The overexpression of RcsB is akin to fitting a stethoscope to the end of a megaphone. In essence, the sensitivity of the RCS Phosphorelay system becomes such that the smallest of membrane perturbations becomes sufficient to trigger colanic acid production. Thus, the background noise switches the RCS Phosphorelay system on permanently.

There are a total of 19 genes involved in colonic acid biosynthesis, the best characterised of which are shown below.

     <area coords="745,41,816,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene:  wcaB    G7103    b2058    ECK2052 Location: 2,130,091 <- 2,130,579   Product: predicted colanic acid biosynthesis acyl transferase');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="631,41,745,72"  onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene:  wcaA    G7104    b2059    ECK2053 Location: 2,130,582 <- 2,131,421   Product: predicted colanic acid biosynthesis glycosyl transferase');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="122,41,274,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene:  wza    G7107    b2062    ECK2056 Location: 2,134,128 <- 2,135,267   Product: lipoprotein required for capsular polysaccharide translocation through the outer membrane, subunit of capsular polysaccharide export apparatus');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="338,41,619,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene:  wzc    G7105    b2060    ECK2054 Location: 2,131,514 <- 2,133,676   Product: tyrosine kinase involved in colanic acid biosynthesis, subunit of capsular polysaccharide export apparatus');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="16,0,135,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: wzap (Experim. ev.)  <BR>Tr.Activators: (RcsAB)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,818,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: wza-wzb-wzc-wcaAB Synonyms: OP00290, cps, cpsB, cpsGB');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/8/89/Op1.gif" usemap="#MAP79413" border="0">

<p class="ecoparagraph">

<map name="MAP91795"> <area coords="41,55,72,72" onmouseover="return overlib('IHF transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -71 (ranging from -77 to -65) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Murtin98], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Murtin98]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,55,32,72" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsAB transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -147.5 (ranging from -154 to -141) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Ferrieres07], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Ferrieres07]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="98,41,137,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: yjbE    EG11923    b4026    ECK4018 Location: 4,233,929 -> 4,234,171   Product: predicted protein');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="154,41,247,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: yjbF    EG11924    b4027    ECK4019 Location: 4,234,285 -> 4,234,923   Product: predicted lipoprotein');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="246,41,353,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: yjbG    EG11925    b4028    ECK4020 Location: 4,234,920 -> 4,235,657   Product: conserved protein');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="352,41,640,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene:  yjbH    EG11926    b4029    ECK4021 Location: 4,235,657 -> 4,237,753   Product: predicted porin');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="22,0,143,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: yjbEp (No experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (RcsAB IHF)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,642,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: yjbEFGH');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/2/28/Op11.gif" usemap="#MAP91795" border="0">

wcaF

 * Putative colanic acid biosynthesis acetyltransferase 2

gmd
Codes for GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase which is a subunit of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase. This enzyme is involved in colanic acid biosynthesis.

wcaD

 * Predicted colanic acid polymerase

fcl

 * Codes for a subunit of GDP-fucose synthase. This enzyme is involved in colanic acid biosynthesis.

General Protective:
The following proteins are thought play a role in membrane fortification to confer protection against the rigours of dessication, acid exposure and osmotic stress.

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP91783"> <area coords="17,55,48,72" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsB-Pasp trancriptional activator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -41.5 (ranging from -35 to -48) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Boulanger05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Boulanger05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="101,41,162,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: osmB    EG10679    b1283    ECK1278 Location: 1,341,134 <- 1,341,352   Product: OsmB osmotically inducible lipoprotein');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,115,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: osmBp1 (Experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (phospho-RcsB)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,164,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: osmB');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/9/9f/Op5.gif" usemap="#MAP91783" border="0">

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP91779"> <area coords="142,0,172,17" onmouseover="return overlib('H-NS transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter The exact location of this binding site is unknown or not specified. Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Bouvier98] The nature of binding of this protein is not well known.');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="1,56,32,73" onmouseover="return overlib('Lrp transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -52 (ranging from -58 to -46) Evidence: Gene expression analysis, Binding of purified proteins, Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences, Site mutation');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="25,20,61,37" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsB-Pasp trancriptional activator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -41.5 (ranging from -48 to -35) Evidence: Site mutation [DavalosGar01], Gene expression analysis [DavalosGar01], Binding of purified proteins [FrancezCha05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="19,38,70,55" onmouseover="return overlib('NhaR-Na+ transcriptional activator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -41 (ranging from -50 to -32) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Toesca01], Binding of cellular extracts [Sturny03], Site mutation [Toesca01]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="87,42,177,73" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: osmC    EG10680    b1482    ECK1476 Location: 1,554,649 -> 1,555,080   Product: osmotically inducible peroxidase OsmC');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="19,0,172,90" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: osmCp1 (Experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (NhaR-Na<SUP>+</SUP> phospho-RcsB) <BR>Tr.Inhibitors: (Lrp Hns)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,179,90" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: osmC');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/1/10/Op3.gif" usemap="#MAP91779" border="0">

KatE

 * Codes for a subunit of heme d synthase / hydroperoxidase. This bacterial catalase protects against osmotic stress.

Host Defence:
Humans synthesise a number of enzymes that are able to burst bacterial cells. These enzymes are called lysosymes. RcsB is able to induce a number of proteins that act as lysosyme inhibitors that will prevent the host-mediated lysis of our chassis.

ivy (Inhibitor of Vertebrate lysozyme)

 * Discovered in 2001 as the first bacterial lysozyme inhibitor. This Type-C lysozyme inhibitor resides in the periplasm.1

MilC (Membrane-bound lysozyme inhibitor of Type C lysozyme)

 * This is a lipoprotein that resides in the membrane. 1

Global Regulators:
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://biocyc.org/overLIB/Mini/overlib_mini.js"> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://biocyc.org/overLIB/Mini/overlib_exclusive_mini.js"> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://biocyc.org/overLIB/Mini/overlib_positioncap_mini.js">

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP80844"> <area coords="18,55,49,72" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsB-phosphate activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -42.5 (ranging from -47 to -38) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Majdalani02], Site mutation [Majdalani02], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Majdalani02]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="59,41,91,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: rprA    G0-8863    b4431    ECK1686 Synonyms: psrA5, IS083 Location: 1,768,396 -> 1,768,500   Product: RprA small RNA, regulator of RpoS');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,105,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: rprA');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,105,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: rprAp (Experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (RcsB-phosphate)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/1/1c/Op2.gif" usemap="#MAP80844" border="0">

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP91781"> <area coords="17,55,48,72" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsB-Pasp trancriptional activator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -41.5 (ranging from -35 to -48) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [FrancezCha05], Gene expression analysis [FrancezCha05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="165,41,207,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene:  sra    EG11508    b1480    ECK1474 Synonyms: rpsV Location: 1,553,850 <- 1,553,987   Product: 30S ribosomal subunit protein S22, subunit of ribosome. Sra is more abundant at stationary phase than during log phase growth.  ');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="75,41,136,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: bdm    G6776    b1481    ECK1475 Synonyms: yddX Location: 1,554,089 <- 1,554,304   Product: biofilm-dependent modulation protein');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,103,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: bdmp (Experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (phospho-RcsB)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,209,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: bdm-sra');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/a/ae/Op4.gif" usemap="#MAP91781" border="0">

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP91785"> <area coords="12,55,43,72" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsB-Pasp trancriptional activator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -45 (ranging from -51 to -39) Evidence: Gene expression analysis, Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences, Site mutation');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,99,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: ftsAp1 (Experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (phospho-RcsB)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="521,41,829,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: ftsZ    EG10347    b0095    ECK0096 Synonyms: sfiB, sulB Location: 105,305 -> 106,456   Product: essential cell division protein FtsZ');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="167,41,505,72" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: ftsA    EG10339    b0094    ECK0095 Synonyms: divA Location: 103,982 -> 105,244   Product: essential cell division protein FtsA');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,831,89" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: ftsAZ');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/e/e8/FtsA.gif" usemap="#MAP91785" border="0">

Repression:
RcsB is also is able to act as a repressor, preventing the expression of both curli and fimbriae. This reduces cell motility and plays a role in biofilm formation.

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP91787"> <area coords="1,128,32,145" onmouseover="return overlib('CRP-cAMP transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -170.5 (ranging from -160 to -181) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Zheng04], Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Zheng04]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="39,128,70,145" onmouseover="return overlib('CpxR-Phosphorylated represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -100.5 (ranging from -93 to -107) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Jubelin05], Gene expression analysis [Jubelin05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Jubelin05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="135,128,166,145" onmouseover="return overlib('CpxR-Phosphorylated represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -20.5 (ranging from -13 to -27) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Jubelin05], Gene expression analysis [Jubelin05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Jubelin05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="166,128,197,145" onmouseover="return overlib('CpxR-Phosphorylated represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: 2.5 (ranging from 10 to -5) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Jubelin05], Gene expression analysis [Jubelin05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Jubelin05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="79,74,110,91" onmouseover="return overlib('RstA-Phosphorylated transcriptional regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -50.5 (ranging from -44 to -57) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Ogasawara07a], Gene expression analysis [Ogasawara07a], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Ogasawara07a]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="74,128,109,145" onmouseover="return overlib('CpxR-Phosphorylated represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -52 (ranging from -45 to -59) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [PrigentCom01], Gene expression analysis [PrigentCom01], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [PrigentCom01]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="76,110,111,127" onmouseover="return overlib('CpxR-Phosphorylated represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -51 (ranging from -44 to -58) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Jubelin05], Gene expression analysis [Jubelin05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Jubelin05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="81,56,116,73" onmouseover="return overlib('CpxR-Phosphorylated represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -48.5 (ranging from -41 to -55) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Jubelin05], Gene expression analysis [Jubelin05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Jubelin05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="238,0,276,17" onmouseover="return overlib('CsgD transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter The exact location of this binding site is unknown or not specified.');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="238,18,280,35" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsAB transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter The exact location of this binding site is unknown or not specified. Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Vianney05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="79,92,123,109" onmouseover="return overlib('OmpR-Phosphorylated transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -47.5 (ranging from -38 to -57) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Jubelin05], Gene expression analysis [Jubelin05], Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Jubelin05]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="87,38,135,55" onmouseover="return overlib('CRP-cAMP transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -42.5 (ranging from -32 to -53) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Zheng04], Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Zheng04]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="218,114,279,145" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: csgD    G6546    b1040    ECK1026 Location: 1,101,769 <- 1,102,419   Product: CsgD transcriptional dual regulator');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="279,114,340,145" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: csgE    G6545    b1039    ECK1025 Location: 1,101,375 <- 1,101,764   Product: curli production assembly/transport component, subunit of Curli Secretion and Assembly Complex');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="343,114,404,145" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: csgF    G6544    b1038    ECK1024 Location: 1,100,934 <- 1,101,350   Product: curli assembly component, subunit of Curli Secretion and Assembly Complex');" onmouseout="return nd;">

<area coords="407,114,476,145" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: csgG    G6543    b1037    ECK1023 Location: 1,100,074 <- 1,100,907   Product: curli production component, subunit of Curli Secretion and Assembly Complex');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="121,0,280,162" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: csgDp1 (Experim. ev.) <BR>Tr.Activators: (OmpR-P<SUP>asp</SUP> CsgD CRP-cAMP) <BR>Tr.Inhibitors: (RstA-P<SUP>asp</SUP> RcsAB CpxR-P<SUP>asp</SUP>)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,478,162" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: csgDEFG');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/a/aa/Op6.gif" usemap="#MAP91787" border="0">

<p class="ecoparagraph"> <map name="MAP91789"> <area coords="198,18,228,35" onmouseover="return overlib('H-NS transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter The exact location of this binding site is unknown or not specified. Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Soutourina99], Gene expression analysis [Soutourina99] The nature of binding of this protein is not well known.');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="1,92,32,109" onmouseover="return overlib('OmpR-Phosphorylated transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -145.5 (ranging from -136 to -155) Evidence: Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Shin95]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="33,92,64,109" onmouseover="return overlib('LrhA transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -112 (ranging from -105 to -119) Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Lehnen02], Binding of purified proteins [Lehnen02]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="64,92,95,109" onmouseover="return overlib('IHF transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -92 (ranging from -86 to -98) Evidence: Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Shin95]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="95,92,126,109" onmouseover="return overlib('CRP-cAMP transcriptional dual regulator activates transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: -71.5 (ranging from -61 to -82) Evidence: Gene expression analysis, Binding of purified proteins, Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="199,92,230,109" onmouseover="return overlib('Fur-Fe+2 transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: 115 (ranging from 124 to 106) Evidence: Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Stojiljkov94]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="134,92,166,109" onmouseover="return overlib('RcsAB transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: 11.5 (ranging from 18 to 5) Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [FrancezCha03], Gene expression analysis [FrancezCha03], Site mutation [FrancezCha03]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="198,0,234,17" onmouseover="return overlib('QseB-Phosphorylated transcriptional activator activates transcription from associated promoter The exact location of this binding site is unknown or not specified. Evidence: Gene expression analysis [Sperandio02]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="198,36,234,53" onmouseover="return overlib('HdfR transcriptional repressor represses transcription from associated promoter The exact location of this binding site is unknown or not specified. Evidence: Binding of purified proteins [Ko00], Gene expression analysis [Ko00]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="144,74,188,91" onmouseover="return overlib('OmpR-Phosphorylated transcriptional dual regulator represses transcription from associated promoter Distance to transcription start site: 18.5 (ranging from 28 to 9) Evidence: Human inference based on similarity to consensus sequences [Shin95]');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="241,78,296,109" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: flhD    EG10320    b1892    ECK1893 Synonyms: flbB Location: 1,975,871 <- 1,976,221   Product: FlhD, subunit of FlhDC transcriptional dual regulator');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="296,78,357,109" onmouseover="return overlib(' Gene: flhC    EG10319    b1891    ECK1892 Synonyms: flaI Location: 1,975,290 <- 1,975,868   Product: FlhC, subunit of FlhDC transcriptional dual regulator');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="77,0,234,126" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: flhDp (Experim. ev.)  <BR>Tr.Activators: (Hns CRP-cAMP QseB-Phosphorylated transcriptional activator) <BR>Tr.Inhibitors: (OmpR-P<SUP>asp</SUP> LrhA HdfR RcsAB Fur IHF)');" onmouseout="return nd;"> <area coords="0,0,359,126" onmouseover="return overlib('Operon: flhDC Synonyms: OP00183');" onmouseout="return nd;">

<img src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/3/3c/Op7.gif" usemap="#MAP91789" border="0">

<a href="http://2009.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/M2"><img width=150px src="http://2009.igem.org/wiki/images/1/10/II09_TourArrow.png"></a>

References

1) The Rcs two-component system regulates expression of lysozyme inhibitors and is induced by exposure to lysozyme

2) Gene Expression Induced in Escherichia coli O157:H7 upon Exposure to Model Apple Juice

3) Structural and functional features of the Escherichia coli hydroperoxide resistance protein OsmC.

4) The Rcs phosphorelay: a complex signal transduction system.

Interactive Image References

Note, interactive operons are credited to EcoCyc: Nucleic Acids Research 37:D464-70 2009

<p class="ecoparagraph"> </a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=16606699&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('16606699');" onmouseout="return nd;"> Arifuzzama06: "Large-scale identification of protein-protein interaction of Escherichia coli K-12." Genome Res 16(5);686-91. PMID: 16606699 </a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=15838058&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('15838058');" onmouseout="return nd;"> Boulanger05:  "Multistress regulation in Escherichia coli: expression of osmB involves two independent promoters responding either to sigmaS or to the RcsCDB His-Asp phosphorelay." J Bacteriol 187(9);3282-6. PMID: 15838058 </a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a>

<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=2836365&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('2836365');" onmouseout="return nd;"> Brill88:  "Fine-structure mapping and identification of two regulators of capsule synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12." J Bacteriol 1988;170(6);2599-611. PMID: 2836365 </a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=10564486&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('10564486');" onmouseout="return nd;"> Carballes99:   "Regulation of Escherichia coli cell division genes ftsA and ftsZ by the two-component system rcsC-rcsB." Mol Microbiol 1999;34(3);442-50. PMID: 10564486 </a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=16740933&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('16740933');" onmouseout="return nd;"> CastanieCo06:  "RcsF is an outer membrane lipoprotein involved in the RcsCDB phosphorelay signaling pathway in Escherichia coli." J Bacteriol 188(12);4264-70. PMID: 16740933

</a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=17185552&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('17185552');" onmouseout="return nd;"> CastanieCo07:   "The glutamate-dependent acid resistance system in Escherichia coli: essential and dual role of the His-Asp phosphorelay RcsCDB/AF." Microbiology 153(Pt 1);238-46. PMID: 17185552 </a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11758943&amp;dopt=Abstract" class="CITATION-FRAME" onmouseover="return overlib('11758943');" onmouseout="return nd;"> Chen01c:  "Characterization of the RcsC--&gt;YojN--&gt;RcsB phosphorelay signaling pathway involved in capsular synthesis in Escherichia coli." Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 65(10);2364-7. PMID: 11758943 </a> <p class="ecoparagraph"> </a>

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