Team:Cambridge/Project/CA01

From 2009.igem.org

(Difference between revisions)
(Carotenoids)
(Carotenoids)
 
(3 intermediate revisions not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA02 Design]
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA02 Design]
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA03 Characterisation]
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA03 Characterisation]
 +
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA05 Datasheet]
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA04 Reference]
[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA04 Reference]
{{Template:Cambridgetemplatebottom}}
{{Template:Cambridgetemplatebottom}}
-
== BACKGROUND ==
+
== Background ==
Carotenoids are organic pigments naturally present in plants, algae and some bacteria. There are more than 600 carotenoids, which can be categorised into xanthophylls (hydrocarbons containing oxygen element) and carotenes (hydrocarbons containing no oxygen). Carotenoids perform a range of functions, including light energy absorption, protection against photo-damage, acting as antioxidants, and as precursor to other organic compounds. In human, for example, beta-carotene is the precursor to vitamin A.  
Carotenoids are organic pigments naturally present in plants, algae and some bacteria. There are more than 600 carotenoids, which can be categorised into xanthophylls (hydrocarbons containing oxygen element) and carotenes (hydrocarbons containing no oxygen). Carotenoids perform a range of functions, including light energy absorption, protection against photo-damage, acting as antioxidants, and as precursor to other organic compounds. In human, for example, beta-carotene is the precursor to vitamin A.  
Line 18: Line 19:
The common starting point for carotenoid synthesis is farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which derives from two precursors, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). In general, there are two pathways for synthesising IPP and DMAPP: the Mevalonate Pathway (starting with acetyl CoA) and the Non-mevalonate Pathway (starting with pyruvate and glyceradehyde-3-phosphate). While the Mevalonate Pathway is present in all higher eukaryotes, the Non-mevalonate Pathway is present in ''E.coli''.
The common starting point for carotenoid synthesis is farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which derives from two precursors, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). In general, there are two pathways for synthesising IPP and DMAPP: the Mevalonate Pathway (starting with acetyl CoA) and the Non-mevalonate Pathway (starting with pyruvate and glyceradehyde-3-phosphate). While the Mevalonate Pathway is present in all higher eukaryotes, the Non-mevalonate Pathway is present in ''E.coli''.
-
[[Image:Cam09 Mevalonate pathway.png|334px|thumb|left|'''Mevalonate Pathway''' (image adopted from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevalonate_pathway)]]
+
[[Image:Cam09 Mevalonate pathway.png|334px|thumb|left|'''Mevalonate Pathway''' (image adopted from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevalonate_pathway)]][[Image:Cam09 Non mevalonate.JPG|350px|thumb|right|'''Non-mevalonate Pathway''' (image adopted from Yuan et al. 2006)]]
-
[[Image:Cam09 Non mevalonate.JPG|360px|thumb|right|'''Non-mevalonate Pathway''' (image adopted from Yuan et al. 2006)]]
+
 
-
 
+
 
-
 
+
 
-
.
+
-
 
+
-
 
+
After IPP and DMAPP go on to form FPP, a series of enzymatic reactions convert the colourless FPP to coloured compounds: red lycopene and orange β-carotene.
After IPP and DMAPP go on to form FPP, a series of enzymatic reactions convert the colourless FPP to coloured compounds: red lycopene and orange β-carotene.
Line 31: Line 29:
By modulating the enzymes involved in this conversion pathway ("CrtE", "CrtB", "CrtI", and "CrtY"), we aim to produce and control different coloured pigments as signal output.
By modulating the enzymes involved in this conversion pathway ("CrtE", "CrtB", "CrtI", and "CrtY"), we aim to produce and control different coloured pigments as signal output.
 +
 +
 +
{{Template:CambridgeBottom}}

Latest revision as of 01:07, 22 October 2009


Carotenoids

Background

Carotenoids are organic pigments naturally present in plants, algae and some bacteria. There are more than 600 carotenoids, which can be categorised into xanthophylls (hydrocarbons containing oxygen element) and carotenes (hydrocarbons containing no oxygen). Carotenoids perform a range of functions, including light energy absorption, protection against photo-damage, acting as antioxidants, and as precursor to other organic compounds. In human, for example, beta-carotene is the precursor to vitamin A.

Biochemical pathway of carotenoid synthesis

The common starting point for carotenoid synthesis is farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which derives from two precursors, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). In general, there are two pathways for synthesising IPP and DMAPP: the Mevalonate Pathway (starting with acetyl CoA) and the Non-mevalonate Pathway (starting with pyruvate and glyceradehyde-3-phosphate). While the Mevalonate Pathway is present in all higher eukaryotes, the Non-mevalonate Pathway is present in E.coli.

Mevalonate Pathway (image adopted from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevalonate_pathway)
Non-mevalonate Pathway (image adopted from Yuan et al. 2006)


After IPP and DMAPP go on to form FPP, a series of enzymatic reactions convert the colourless FPP to coloured compounds: red lycopene and orange β-carotene.

Cam09 Carotenoid 1.jpg


By modulating the enzymes involved in this conversion pathway ("CrtE", "CrtB", "CrtI", and "CrtY"), we aim to produce and control different coloured pigments as signal output.


Cambridge Sponsor Logo1.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo2.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo3.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo4.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo5.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo8.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo6.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo7.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo9.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo10.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo11.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo12.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo14.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo13.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo15.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo16.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo17.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo18.pngCambridge Sponsor Logo19.pngBmglab.jpg