Team:DTU Denmark/yeast

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    <td align="center" ><font face="arial" size="3"><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:DTU_Denmark" >Home</a></font> </td>
    <td align="center" ><font face="arial" size="3"><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:DTU_Denmark/team" >The Team</a> </font></td>
    <td align="center" ><font face="arial" size="3"><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:DTU_Denmark/project" >The Project</a> </font></td>
    <td align="center" ><font face="arial" size="3"><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:DTU_Denmark/parts" >Parts submitted</a> </font></td>
    <td align="center" ><font face="arial" size="3"><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:DTU_Denmark/modelling">Modelling</a></font> </td>
    <td align="center" ><font face="arial" size="3"><a class="mainLinks" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:DTU_Denmark/notebook" title="Day to day lab activity">Notebook</a> 

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   <br> 
   The redoxilator<br><br>
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    <a href="theory" CLASS=leftbar>- Theoretical background</a><br>
    <a href="yeast" CLASS=leftbar>- Yeast as a model organism</a><br>
    <a href="practicalapproach" CLASS=leftbar>- Practical approach</a><br>
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    <br>The USER assembly standard<br><br>
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    <a href="http://www.yahoo.com" CLASS=leftbar>- Principle</a><br>
    <a href="http://www.yahoo.com" CLASS=leftbar>- Proof of concept</a><br>
    <a href="http://www.yahoo.com" CLASS=leftbar>- Manual</a><br>
    <a href="http://www.yahoo.com" CLASS=leftbar>- Primer design software</a><br>
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   <b>The project</b><br><br><br>
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<font size="4"><b>Yeast as a model organism</b></font><br><br>

<p align="justify">The utilization of improved micro-organisms for industrial processes is a fact for centuries. From the early stages in the preparation of fermented food and beverages until nowadays. Recent advances in biochemistry, engineering and genetic manipulation techniques, led scientist and engineers to improve micro-organisms in order to enhance their metabolic capabilities for biotechnological applications. Along with these improvements, a far more rational and direct approach to strain improvement have been employed, of what we call Metabolic Engineering. What distinguishes Metabolic Engineering from the classical approaches is the application of advanced analytical tools for identification of suited targets for genetic modifications or even the use of mathematical models to perform in silico design of optimized micro-organisms. The consequences of the changes introduced in these engineered strains can then suggest further modifications to improve cellular performance and therefore Metabolic Engineering can be seen as a cyclic process made of continuous iterations between experimental and analytical work.<br><br>
Among all possible micro-organisms, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is a very well-suited candidate since it is recognized as being GRAS (“generally regarded as safe”).<br><br>
Due to its long history of application in the production of consumable products such as ethanol and baker’s yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> has a very well-established fermentation and process technology for large-scale production. The availability of its complete genome sequence of in 1996, and the numerous possibilities for genetic modifications by recombinant DNA technology that came with that, made of yeast a perfect model organism within the field of biotechnology.</p>


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  <b>The yeast metabolic cycle</b><br><br>


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<p align="justify">It has recently been shown by Tu <i>et al.</i> and Klevecz <i>et al.</i> that the expression of at least half of the genes monitored on a standard yeast gene chip will oscillate in a coordinated manner when grown under glucose limited conditions. The cells will shift between oxidative and reductive metabolism in a synchronized metabolic cycle with three phases: oxidative, reductive/building and reductive/
charging. As oxygen will only be consumed in the oxidative phase, the dissolved oxygen will oscillate. Many metabolites and cofactors including NADH and NAD+ will also oscillate during this cycle as NADH is converted to NAD+ when oxygen is consumed.</p>

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 Comments or questions to the team? Please <a href="mailto:igem@bio.dtu.dk" CLASS=email>Email us</a> -- Comments of questions to webmaster? Please <a href="mailto:lronn@bio.dtu.dk" CLASS=email>Email us</a>
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