Team:Harvard

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<h2><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/b/b8/Harvard2009Logo.jpg" alt="Hi Mom" width="900" height="200"></a></h2>
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<font size="+2"><p><b>Abstract</b></p></font>
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<p> Optical communication is central to interactions between many multicellular organisms. However, it is virtually unknown between unicellular organisms, much less between unicellular organisms of different kingdoms of life. Our team has constructed a system that allows for interspecies, bacteria-to-yeast optical communication. In this system, bacteria to communicate to yeast the presence of IPTG, which results in transcription of lacZ in the yeast cells. To permit bacteria to send an optical signal, we expressed in E. coli a red firefly luciferase under IPTG induction. To allow yeast to receive the signal, we used a two-hybrid-system based on the interaction between the red-light-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome PhyB and its interacting factor PIF3. Interaction between PhyB and PIF3 is induced by the red light from the bacteria, resulting in transcription of the lacZ gene. </p>
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<p>This is an excellent demonstration of the principles and potential of synthetic biology: this system enables us to optically bridge a physically separated canonical lac operon using light as a trans-acting factor, communicated between the species of cells using optical signals.  In other words, we have been able to separate the de-repression and gene expression into two separate cells, bridging this physical separation with light based signals between the cells. The bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. In response to this optical signal, the yeast completes the operon’s function and expresses beta-galactosidase. </p>
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<font size="+2"><p><b>Importance of optical communication </b></p></font>
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<p>Optical communication is any form of communication which uses light as a means to transmit a message. In a biological context, this means any case where one organism sends a message to another organism using a visual signal, be it color, gestures, or even smoke signals.  While optical communication between multicellular organisms is exceedingly common, it is virtually unknown between unicellular organisms. In light of this deficiency, our team decided to create an optical communication system between bacteria and yeast. Not only are these both unicellular organisms, they are from entirely different branches of the tree of life: one is a prokaryote, one a eukaryote. One is a bacterium, the other a fungus.  Using the principles of synthetic biology, we were able to design a system allowing these wildly disparate organisms to communicate via bioluminescent signals. </p> 
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<div class="center"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/e/e3/Bacteria_to_yeast_cartoon.png" width="263" height="151"/>,</div>
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<font size="+2"><p><b>Applications of optical communication:  Bridging the lac operon </b></p></font>
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<p>The lac operon is one of the first genetic regulatory systems introduced to students of molecular biology: it is the poster-child for complex gene regulation in prokaryotes. The purpose of the lac operon is that it encodes the genes that allow bacteria to break down lactose. In the absence of lactose, transcription of the lactose-digesting genes is inhibited by a repressor. However, in the presence of lactose, expression is de-repressed. In other words, transcription is able to happen in the presence of lactose. As a result there is production of beta-galactosidase, the primary lactose-digesting enzyme. </p>
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<p>In nature, all of these events happen within the same cell. However, with the techniques of synthetic biology we can do something very interesting with the operon: we can separate the de-repression and gene expression into two separate cells, bridging this physical separation with light based signals between the cells. In these experiments, we have designed a system where bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. In response to this optical signal, the yeast complete the operon’s function and express beta-galactosidase. </p>
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<h2><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Team">Team</a></h2>
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<h2><p>Projects</p></h2>
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    <ul>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Comm">Bacteria-to-Yeast Communication</a></li>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Laser">Characterization</a></li>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/PCB">PCB Biosynthesis in Yeast</a></li>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Split">Split Luciferase</a></li>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Blackboard">Other Possible Reporters</a></li>
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<h2><p><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Parts">Parts</a></p></h2>
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        <h2><p><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/References">References</a></p></h2>
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<h2><p>Lab Notebook</p></h2>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Daily">Daily</a></li>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Protocols">Protocols</a></li>
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      <li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Recipes">Recipes </a></li>
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    </ul>
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<h2><p><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Ethics">Ethics</a></h2>
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        <h2><p><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Safety">Safety</a></h2>
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        <h2><p><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></h2>
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The goal of this project is to genetically engineer a photointerconvertible system of optical communication in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To build such a pathway we combine a light-detecting component and a light-emitting component within the framework of the yeast two-hybrid system. Light detection occurs at the phytochrome PhyB, a plant photoreceptor sensitive to both red and infrared light. When treated with red light in the presence of the small molecule phycocyanobilin (PCB), PhyB binds to the protein PIF3, causing a conformational change that promotes the expression of the gene firefly luciferase. When subsequently treated with infrared light, the phytochrome reverts to its inactive conformation, halting the production of the gene. Light emission results from the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of the pigment luciferin and can be tuned to emit in the same wavelength range as the phytochrome’s absorption spectrum. It is necessary to supplement the system with PCB, either exogenously or by directly integrating the PCB biosynthetic pathway, normally found in lower plants and cyanobacteria, into the yeast genome. One proof-of-concept application of such a system is a light-switchable display, or “cellular blackboard,” wherein a red laser pointer functions as the writing utensil and an infrared lamp as the eraser. Another potential application is a system of optical communication among a population of S. cerevisiae, not unlike fiberoptics. Using red light as a means of communication, yeast populations can be induced to perform tasks such as mating and interacting with other species of organisms.
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Latest revision as of 03:30, 22 October 2009

Hi Mom

/***********************************************************************************************************************/

Abstract

Optical communication is central to interactions between many multicellular organisms. However, it is virtually unknown between unicellular organisms, much less between unicellular organisms of different kingdoms of life. Our team has constructed a system that allows for interspecies, bacteria-to-yeast optical communication. In this system, bacteria to communicate to yeast the presence of IPTG, which results in transcription of lacZ in the yeast cells. To permit bacteria to send an optical signal, we expressed in E. coli a red firefly luciferase under IPTG induction. To allow yeast to receive the signal, we used a two-hybrid-system based on the interaction between the red-light-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome PhyB and its interacting factor PIF3. Interaction between PhyB and PIF3 is induced by the red light from the bacteria, resulting in transcription of the lacZ gene.

This is an excellent demonstration of the principles and potential of synthetic biology: this system enables us to optically bridge a physically separated canonical lac operon using light as a trans-acting factor, communicated between the species of cells using optical signals. In other words, we have been able to separate the de-repression and gene expression into two separate cells, bridging this physical separation with light based signals between the cells. The bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. In response to this optical signal, the yeast completes the operon’s function and expresses beta-galactosidase.

Importance of optical communication

Optical communication is any form of communication which uses light as a means to transmit a message. In a biological context, this means any case where one organism sends a message to another organism using a visual signal, be it color, gestures, or even smoke signals. While optical communication between multicellular organisms is exceedingly common, it is virtually unknown between unicellular organisms. In light of this deficiency, our team decided to create an optical communication system between bacteria and yeast. Not only are these both unicellular organisms, they are from entirely different branches of the tree of life: one is a prokaryote, one a eukaryote. One is a bacterium, the other a fungus. Using the principles of synthetic biology, we were able to design a system allowing these wildly disparate organisms to communicate via bioluminescent signals.



,


Applications of optical communication: Bridging the lac operon

The lac operon is one of the first genetic regulatory systems introduced to students of molecular biology: it is the poster-child for complex gene regulation in prokaryotes. The purpose of the lac operon is that it encodes the genes that allow bacteria to break down lactose. In the absence of lactose, transcription of the lactose-digesting genes is inhibited by a repressor. However, in the presence of lactose, expression is de-repressed. In other words, transcription is able to happen in the presence of lactose. As a result there is production of beta-galactosidase, the primary lactose-digesting enzyme.


In nature, all of these events happen within the same cell. However, with the techniques of synthetic biology we can do something very interesting with the operon: we can separate the de-repression and gene expression into two separate cells, bridging this physical separation with light based signals between the cells. In these experiments, we have designed a system where bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. In response to this optical signal, the yeast complete the operon’s function and express beta-galactosidase.

















































Team

Projects

Parts

References

Lab Notebook

Ethics

Safety

Acknowledgements

Retrieved from "http://2009.igem.org/Team:Harvard"