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Team:HKU-HKBU/Polar Expression Methodology
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The fastest-swimming bacteria among our candidates were determined by this assay. By measuring the diameter on the swimming plate at differnt time, the average swimming speed can be calculated. | The fastest-swimming bacteria among our candidates were determined by this assay. By measuring the diameter on the swimming plate at differnt time, the average swimming speed can be calculated. | ||
| - | Different strains were firstly introduced to suitable agar media(with specific resistance). Then the diameter of the colonies were measured every hour in the first 8 hours in order to obtain approximated data of their swimming speed. The data | + | Different strains were firstly introduced to suitable agar media(with specific resistance). Then the diameter of the colonies were measured every hour in the first 8 hours in order to obtain approximated data of their swimming speed. The data were also recorded overnight for confirmation. No or inconspicuous increase in diameter is classified as negative result. |
{| align="center" border="1px" cellpadding="4px" | {| align="center" border="1px" cellpadding="4px" | ||
! Strain | ! Strain | ||
| - | | BL21 || NCM3722 || MG1655 || MG3 || | + | | ''BL21'' || ''NCM3722'' || ''MG1655'' || ''MG3'' || ''YBE01'' || ''YBS01'' |
|- | |- | ||
!Swim plate assay result | !Swim plate assay result | ||
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===LPS completeness=== | ===LPS completeness=== | ||
| - | Among the stains that could swim the LPS completeness were examined one by one via searching information from the reference. | + | Among the stains that could swim, the LPS completeness were examined one by one via searching information from the reference. |
===Conclusion=== | ===Conclusion=== | ||
| - | Combining the results of two parts, '' | + | Combining the results of two parts, ''YBE01''1and ''YBS01'' were adopted in further experiment |
='''Polar Expression'''= | ='''Polar Expression'''= | ||
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===Bacteria=== | ===Bacteria=== | ||
| - | Two negative-gram ''E. coli'' strain candidates were tried in our | + | Two negative-gram ''E. coli'' strain candidates were tried in our experiment—''BL21'' and ''YBE01''. They are both LPS complete strains, which is a necessity of polar expression of the plasmid which contains AIDA. |
===Plasmid Construction=== | ===Plasmid Construction=== | ||
| - | pET-GFP-Strp-AIDA is a DNA plasmid that can induce polar expression in E.coli. This transmembrane system is designed to ensure the expression of specific proteins on the outer membrane. The fragment of AIDA and Strepvadin is obtained from the lab. We use the restriction enzyme SacI to digest these two fragments to ensure the cohesive ends. Then a ligation reaction underwent between two digested parts to produce Strp-AIDA fragments. GFP is digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and SacI. The | + | pET-GFP-Strp-AIDA is a DNA plasmid that can induce polar expression in ''E.coli''. This transmembrane system is designed to ensure the expression of specific proteins on the outer membrane. The fragment of AIDA and Strepvadin is obtained from the lab. We use the restriction enzyme SacI to digest these two fragments to ensure the cohesive ends. Then a ligation reaction underwent between two digested parts to produce Strp-AIDA fragments. GFP is digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and SacI. The cohesive ends that were digested by SacI helped the ligation of GFP and Strp-AIDA. The signal peptide was added to the EcoRI digested end by PCR. To ensure the right ligation reactions, we double checked the direction of each fragment in this plasmid by enzyme digestions. |
[[Image:HKBU-HKU SP-GFP-Strp-AIDAc.png|center|thumb]] | [[Image:HKBU-HKU SP-GFP-Strp-AIDAc.png|center|thumb]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
===Transformation=== | ===Transformation=== | ||
| - | The plasmid was [[Team:HKU-HKBU/Protocols#Electro_Transformation | transformed]] to the competent cell BL21 and | + | The plasmid was [[Team:HKU-HKBU/Protocols#Electro_Transformation | transformed]] to the competent cell ''BL21'' and ''YBE01'' respectively by electroporation and the T7 polymerase was co-transformed at the same time to promote the expression of this promoter. After recovering with SOC solution for 30 minutes, they were spread to Agar plates with Ampicillin resistance. Then two single colonies on the two plates were picked up for [[Team:HKU-HKBU/Protocols#Pre-culture | pre-culture]]. |
===Fluorescent microscope=== | ===Fluorescent microscope=== | ||
| - | After 16 hours’ pre-culture of ''E. coli BL21'' and '' | + | After 16 hours’ pre-culture of ''E. coli BL21'' and ''YBS01''with plasmid GFP-strp-AIDA in LB broth, they were transferred to two slides and exposed under fluorescent microscope using oil immersion lens with a magnification of 600 times. |
===Western Blotting=== | ===Western Blotting=== | ||
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===Bacteria=== | ===Bacteria=== | ||
| - | The plasmid was built in the negative-gram strain '' | + | The plasmid was built in the negative-gram strain ''YBS01'' |
===Plasmid Construction=== | ===Plasmid Construction=== | ||
| - | Lpp-OmpA-GFP is a DNA plasmid that can induce polar expression in '' | + | Lpp-OmpA-GFP is a DNA plasmid that can induce polar expression in ''YBS01''. This transmembrane system is designed to express specific proteins on the outer membrane of bacteria by using 9 amino acids of a primary membrane lipoprotein (lpp) with amino acids 46-159 of the outer membrane protein OmpA. In this construct, OmpA (residue 46-159) was synthesized by PCR with a template derivwhed from E.coli strain MG1655. The signal peptide and the first nine amino acids of one major lipoprotein were added to the upstream of OmpA peptide by PCR. The whole peptides were integrated to a T-vector, which contained a lacI- promoter. The fragment GFP was digested by restriction enzymes XhoI and NotI. Then the T-vector with Lpp-OmpA was digested the same two enzymes to ensure the same cohesive ends. A ligation reactions underwent between digested between GFP and Lpp-OmpA. Streptavidin was fused with Lpp-OmpA-GFP via the same method as that in AIDA system. |
[[Image: HKU-HKBU Lpp-OmpA-GFP-strp_sign.png|center|thumb]] | [[Image: HKU-HKBU Lpp-OmpA-GFP-strp_sign.png|center|thumb]] | ||
Revision as of 16:16, 19 October 2009
Contents |
Strain selection
Swimming plate assay
The fastest-swimming bacteria among our candidates were determined by this assay. By measuring the diameter on the swimming plate at differnt time, the average swimming speed can be calculated.
Different strains were firstly introduced to suitable agar media(with specific resistance). Then the diameter of the colonies were measured every hour in the first 8 hours in order to obtain approximated data of their swimming speed. The data were also recorded overnight for confirmation. No or inconspicuous increase in diameter is classified as negative result.
| Strain | BL21 | NCM3722 | MG1655 | MG3 | YBE01 | YBS01 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swim plate assay result | - | - | - | / | ++ | + |
LPS completeness
Among the stains that could swim, the LPS completeness were examined one by one via searching information from the reference.
Conclusion
Combining the results of two parts, YBE011and YBS01 were adopted in further experiment
Polar Expression
AIDA system
Bacteria
Two negative-gram E. coli strain candidates were tried in our experiment—BL21 and YBE01. They are both LPS complete strains, which is a necessity of polar expression of the plasmid which contains AIDA.
Plasmid Construction
pET-GFP-Strp-AIDA is a DNA plasmid that can induce polar expression in E.coli. This transmembrane system is designed to ensure the expression of specific proteins on the outer membrane. The fragment of AIDA and Strepvadin is obtained from the lab. We use the restriction enzyme SacI to digest these two fragments to ensure the cohesive ends. Then a ligation reaction underwent between two digested parts to produce Strp-AIDA fragments. GFP is digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and SacI. The cohesive ends that were digested by SacI helped the ligation of GFP and Strp-AIDA. The signal peptide was added to the EcoRI digested end by PCR. To ensure the right ligation reactions, we double checked the direction of each fragment in this plasmid by enzyme digestions.
Transformation
The plasmid was transformed to the competent cell BL21 and YBE01 respectively by electroporation and the T7 polymerase was co-transformed at the same time to promote the expression of this promoter. After recovering with SOC solution for 30 minutes, they were spread to Agar plates with Ampicillin resistance. Then two single colonies on the two plates were picked up for pre-culture.
Fluorescent microscope
After 16 hours’ pre-culture of E. coli BL21 and YBS01with plasmid GFP-strp-AIDA in LB broth, they were transferred to two slides and exposed under fluorescent microscope using oil immersion lens with a magnification of 600 times.
Western Blotting
Preparation of membrane protein samples
Firstly, the bacteria samples were centrifuged with a speed of 3,500g for ten minutes to harvest the cells. Cell lyses were done by sonic waves at 40% 10’’ for 6 times. Ultracentrifuge was used to achieve the total membrane pellet with a speed of 100,000g for one hour. Re-suspend the pellet with PBS to get total membrane solution. Then the inner membrane was solublized by PBS containing 0.05M MgCl2, 2% TritonX-100. Then the outer membrane proteins were obtained by a new round of ultracentrifuge with the speed of 100.000g for 1h. Via this method, two layers of membranes were separated to collect two protein samples from inner membrane and outer membrane respectively.
Equal loading of protein samples
The quantification of these three protein sample solutions is done by BCA analysis. After analyzing the concentrations of each protein samples, we used the formula: total amount of protein = sample concentration * sample volume to adjust the sample volume to the same loading volume by adding the mixture buffer. Equal loading of protein samples were ensured in western blotting after these adjustments.
Lpp-OmpA system
Bacteria
The plasmid was built in the negative-gram strain YBS01
Plasmid Construction
Lpp-OmpA-GFP is a DNA plasmid that can induce polar expression in YBS01. This transmembrane system is designed to express specific proteins on the outer membrane of bacteria by using 9 amino acids of a primary membrane lipoprotein (lpp) with amino acids 46-159 of the outer membrane protein OmpA. In this construct, OmpA (residue 46-159) was synthesized by PCR with a template derivwhed from E.coli strain MG1655. The signal peptide and the first nine amino acids of one major lipoprotein were added to the upstream of OmpA peptide by PCR. The whole peptides were integrated to a T-vector, which contained a lacI- promoter. The fragment GFP was digested by restriction enzymes XhoI and NotI. Then the T-vector with Lpp-OmpA was digested the same two enzymes to ensure the same cohesive ends. A ligation reactions underwent between digested between GFP and Lpp-OmpA. Streptavidin was fused with Lpp-OmpA-GFP via the same method as that in AIDA system.
Transformation
The plasmid was transformed to the competent cell salmonella SL7207. After recovering for 30 minutes with SOC solution, the bacteria were spread to an agar plate with ampicillian resistance. Then one single colony was pick up for pre-culture.
The following steps are the same with those in the AIDA system.
