Team:Bologna/Project

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T-REX Project

(Trans-Repressor of Expression)

The aim of our project is the design of a new device to control the synthesis of any protein of interest. This "general-purpose" standard device, implemented in E. coli, acts at the translational level to allow a switch in protein expression faster than transcriptional promoter regulation. We named this device T-Rex (Trans Repressor of Expression).
T-rex consists of two new BioBricks:

CIS-repressing, to be assembled upstream of the target protein coding sequence. It contains a ribosomal binding site (RBS);

TRANS-repressor, complementary to the CIS-repressing and placed under the control of a different promoter. In order to have a better repression, it contains also a RBS cover in two versions of different length (4 and 7 nucleotides).
The longer version covers also 3 nucleotides of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

Transcription of the target gene produces a mRNA strand, starting with the Cis element, which is translated into proteins by ribosome (see Fig. 1, right panel). Trans’ promoter induction produces a transcript that binds with the Cis part. The RNA duplex prevents ribosome from binding to RBS, repressing protein synthesis. Thus, the TRANS-repressor amount regulates the gene mRNA translation rate (see Fig. 1, left panel)

Figure 1 - T-Rex device

To identify CIS-repressing and TRANS-repressor complementary parts, we developed BASER software. We used it to seek for two complementary 50bp non-coding sequences, whose transcribed RNAs:
a) feature maximal free energy in the secondary structure (i.e. reducing the probability of its intra-molecular annealing);
b) have minimal unwanted interactions with genomic mRNA;
c) present a minimal probability of partial/shifted hybridization with complementary strands.

Here below are the CIS-repressing and TRANS-repressor sequences:

CIS-repressing
Prefix	non-coding TRANS target	RBS	Suffix
GAATTCGCGGCCGCTTCTAGAG	AACACAAACTATCACTTTAACAACACATTACATATACATTAAAATATTAC	AAAGAGGAGAAA	TACTAGTAGCGGCCGCTGCAG

TRANS-repressor (4)
Prefix	RBS cover	non-coding TRANS	Suffix
GAATTCGCGGCCGCTTCTAGAG	CTTT	GTAATATTTTAATGTATATGTAATGTGTTGTTAAAGTGATAGTTTGTGTT	TACTAGTAGCGGCCGCTGCAG

TRANS-repressor (7)
Prefix	RBS cover	non-coding TRANS	Suffix
GAATTCGCGGCCGCTTCTAGAG	CCTCTTT	GTAATATTTTAATGTATATGTAATGTGTTGTTAAAGTGATAGTTTGTGTT	TACTAGTAGCGGCCGCTGCAG

More details about BASER and its functioning can be found in the software section.

The Genetic Circuits

In order to test and characterize our T-REX device, we developed the following genetic circuit (Fig 2):

Figure 2 - Genetic Circuit

The circuit above represents the ON configuration of our T-Rex device: TRANS-repressor is constitutively expressed and CIS-repressing is assembled upstream the LacI gene (BBa_C0012), while the reporter protein GFP (BBa_J04031) is assembled under the control of another promoter, regulated by LacI natural operator O2.
CIS-repressing and TRANS-repressor mRNAs bind together, preventing LacI translation and allowing GFP production.
Using some IPTG, the repression action of T-Rex become easily, because the concentration of free LacI in the cells is reduced.

To prove T-Rex repression, GFP production level must be compared with the level produced by the OFF configuration of our T-Rex device, that is the same circuit in absence of TRANS-repressor:

In this second case, LacI is regularly translated and, binding with its O2 natural operator, it blocks GFP production.
We choose to use a low copy number plasmid and a weak promoter (J23118) for the CIS-repressing/LacI production, and a high copy number plasmid and a strong promoter (J23100) for the TRANS-repressing, to make reporter production's variations easily to be detected.

Before realizing the whole T-Rex device, we decided to perform some preliminary tests, in order to characterize every single BioBrick involved in it.

pSB1A2 vs pSB3K3

In order to characterize the difference between the high copy number pSB1A2 and the low to medium copy number pSB3K3 plasmids, we analyzed production of BBa_I13504 (wild type GFP) under BBa_J23118 promoter (1429):

Results can be found in the wet-lab section

BBa_J23100 vs BBa_J23118

In order to characterize the ratio between BBa_J23100 (strength 2547) and BBa_J23118 (strength 1429) promoters, we analyzed GFP (BBa_J04031) production on pSB1A2:

Results can be found in the wet-lab section

Presence vs Absence of LacI natural operator O2

We needed to confirm that LacI natural operator O2 don't influence GFP production when LacI repressor is not present. We evaluate this on pSB1A2, using BBa_J04031 under the control of both BBa_J23118 and BBa_J23100, in presence and in absence of BBa_K079019:

Results can be found in the wet-lab section

Interaction of LacI repressor with its natural operator O2

We studied interactions between LacI repressor and its natural operator O2, analyzing this two genetic circuits:

In the first circuit, we used different IPTG concentration in order to evaluate LacI repression strength. In the latter, we verified that LacI doesn't interfere with GFP production if its natural operator O2 is not present.

Results can be found in the wet-lab section

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-The aim of our project is the design of a new device to control the synthesis of any protein of interest. This "general-purpose" standard device, implemented in <i>E. coli</i>, acts at the translational level to allow a switch in protein expression faster than transcriptional promoter regulation. We named this device <b>T-Rex</b> (<b>T</b>rans <b>R</b>epressor of <b>Ex</b>pression). <br>It consists of two new BioBricks:
+The aim of our project is the design of a new device to control the synthesis of any protein of interest. This "general-purpose" standard device, implemented in <i>E. coli</i>, acts at the translational level to allow a switch in protein expression faster than transcriptional promoter regulation. We named this device <b>T-Rex</b> (<b>T</b>rans <b>R</b>epressor of <b>Ex</b>pression). <br>T-rex consists of two new BioBricks:
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