Team:UNIPV-Pavia/Project

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== MOTIVATION: WHY WHEY? ==
== MOTIVATION: WHY WHEY? ==
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Whey is a by-product in cheese and casein industry; it is one of the components which separates from milk after curdling, when rennet or an edible acidic substance is added.
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Whey is a by-product in cheese and casein industry; it is one of the components which separates from milk after curdling, when rennet or an edible acidic substance is added.  
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It is a mixture of different substances, some of which very valuable if individually processed.
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It is a mixture of different substances, some of which very valuable if individually processed.The main solid components of whey are: soluble proteins, lactose, mineral salts and vitamins.
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The main solid components of whey are: soluble proteins, lactose, mineral salts and vitamins.
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In Italy, as in other flat countries with casearian tradition, the amount of whey produced every year is huge (8-10 millions m^3/year). This is traditionally emitted into the river systems, thus contributing to the organic pollution of environment and giving rise to water asphyxia: its high nutrient load, in fact, causes the proliferation of microorganisms  
In Italy, as in other flat countries with casearian tradition, the amount of whey produced every year is huge (8-10 millions m^3/year). This is traditionally emitted into the river systems, thus contributing to the organic pollution of environment and giving rise to water asphyxia: its high nutrient load, in fact, causes the proliferation of microorganisms  
According to the italian law, whey is classified as "special waste", for its extremly high pollution power. To measure this power, 2 indicatores are used: B.O.D.5 and C.O.D..  
According to the italian law, whey is classified as "special waste", for its extremly high pollution power. To measure this power, 2 indicatores are used: B.O.D.5 and C.O.D..  
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===== B.O.D. 5 =====
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'''B.O.D. 5'''
''Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5'': it is supposed to measure the biological requirement of used oxygen (in mg/l), during oxidation processes in organic substances within 5 days. BOD 5 level indicates the amount of organic biodegradable substance present in waste, measured by the quantity of oxygen needed for the degradation by microorganisms.   
''Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5'': it is supposed to measure the biological requirement of used oxygen (in mg/l), during oxidation processes in organic substances within 5 days. BOD 5 level indicates the amount of organic biodegradable substance present in waste, measured by the quantity of oxygen needed for the degradation by microorganisms.   
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===== C.O.D. =====
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'''C.O.D.'''
''Chemical Oxygen Demand'': it measures the amount of oxygen used to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds contanied in a water sample. It gives indications about the the total measurement of all chemicals in the water that can be oxidized.
''Chemical Oxygen Demand'': it measures the amount of oxygen used to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds contanied in a water sample. It gives indications about the the total measurement of all chemicals in the water that can be oxidized.
   
   

Revision as of 14:44, 22 July 2009


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Abstract

Motivation

MOTIVATION: WHY WHEY?

Whey is a by-product in cheese and casein industry; it is one of the components which separates from milk after curdling, when rennet or an edible acidic substance is added. It is a mixture of different substances, some of which very valuable if individually processed.The main solid components of whey are: soluble proteins, lactose, mineral salts and vitamins.

} In Italy, as in other flat countries with casearian tradition, the amount of whey produced every year is huge (8-10 millions m^3/year). This is traditionally emitted into the river systems, thus contributing to the organic pollution of environment and giving rise to water asphyxia: its high nutrient load, in fact, causes the proliferation of microorganisms According to the italian law, whey is classified as "special waste", for its extremly high pollution power. To measure this power, 2 indicatores are used: B.O.D.5 and C.O.D.. B.O.D. 5Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5: it is supposed to measure the biological requirement of used oxygen (in mg/l), during oxidation processes in organic substances within 5 days. BOD 5 level indicates the amount of organic biodegradable substance present in waste, measured by the quantity of oxygen needed for the degradation by microorganisms. C.O.D.Chemical Oxygen Demand: it measures the amount of oxygen used to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds contanied in a water sample. It gives indications about the the total measurement of all chemicals in the water that can be oxidized. This liquid waste is commonly regarded as the "enviromental problem" of the diaries even if theese farms produce generally different kinds of "whey", depending by the specific cheese produced (pasta filata cheese, butter and ricotta).

Solution

Components Sweet whey (%) Acid Whey (%) Scotta (%)
Total solids 6,4 6,2 5,67
Proteins 0,8 0,75 0,39
Fat 0,5 0,04 0,07
Lactose 4,6 4,2 4,70
Ash 0,5 0,8 0,53
Lactic Acid 0,05 0,4 0
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