http://2009.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Mithrandir311&feed=atom&limit=50&target=Mithrandir311&year=&month=2009.igem.org - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T15:55:28ZFrom 2009.igem.orgMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICSTeam:IBB Pune/BIOETHICS2009-10-22T03:20:30Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#0000cc;">BioEthics</span></html><br />
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As scientists and citizens, we must address questions and controversies surrounding the use of biotechnology and make choices that will best serve humanity. We should be committed to the socially responsible use of biotechnology in health care, food and agriculture, industry and the environment. As biotechnology strives to provide us with benefits such as treatments for intractable diseases such as Cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; abundant, nutritious food; industrial sustainability; and a cleaner world, we encourage public discussion of the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnology research. Responsible and ethical testing of new technologies and decisions regarding whether and how to use medical products and technologies must always be made with profound regard for the rights of patients. In our view, appropriate regulation of biotechnology is solidly rooted in values such as autonomy, privacy, beneficence, social justice and intellectual freedom.<br />
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>1. Synthetic Biology: How is it different from the ad-hoc molecular cloning / Genetic Engineering / RDT?</p></span><br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; color:#0000cc;"><p> The scope is now wider and simpler.</p></span><br />
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Synthetic biology is broadly defined as the area of intersection of biology and engineering, that is focused on: The design and fabrication of biological components and systems that do not already exist in the natural world and the redesign and fabrication of existing biological systems. A primary objective of this nascent research area is to create a programmable microorganism from scratch, as opposed to modifying components of living cells to achieve desired functionality. This distinguishes it from current genetic techniques that result in genetically modified organisms at the cellular level. How can we compare synthetic biology to other areas of biotechnology? Transgenic mice, bio-engineered plasmids, and other living forms are regularly created in the process of biomedical research. What would be the difference between these modified life forms and life forms created using a synthetic biology approach? In order to address these questions, the primary differentiators between synthetic biology and other techniques are outlined below. Synthetic biology systems would exhibit one or more of these attributes (first two are mandatory):<br />
Raw materials: Synthetic elements would be constructed from basic elements (synthetic or purified oligonucleotides in the case of synthetic DNA) in the lab (and not as part of a natural cellular process).<br />
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<li>''No natural counterpart:'' Synthetic elements or networks would not have an identical copy in natural cells. The caveat would be synthetically created whole genomes of existing organisms – although a minimal genome (critical genes for survival) organism would be more likely.<br />
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<li>'' Programmable:'' Synthetic regulatory elements and networks engineered in cells would be controllable with external stimulus in a deterministic fashion.<br />
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<li>''Synthetic whole genome:'' Starting with synthetic oligonucleotides as raw materials, the end product would be an artificially assembled genome or “minimal genome”. In order to distinguish between synthetic biological creations and other approaches like transgenic organisms, the key difference to be noted is that transgenic organisms are the result of introducing naturally occurring foreign or mutated DNA (genes) into the organism.<br />
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<li>''Risks involved in synthetic biology practices''<br />
Some of the risks posed by products of synthetic biology are outlined below. As we move up the classification hierarchy of synthetic biology products, and thus on to higher levels of integration, the risks increase. Also, with initiatives like iGEM, the layman gets an easier access to such sensitive technologies and the risks involved are enormous. Hence a thorough and well thought-out safety structure is essential.<br />
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<li>''Risk of negative environmental impact:'' <br />
This includes scenarios in which a synthetically created micro-organism designed for a particular task (e.g.: Environmental cleanup) could have a side effect of interacting with another environmental substance and impact the overall environment negatively.<br />
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<li>'' Risk of natural genome pool contamination:'' Any genetic exchange between a synthetic biological entity and a naturally occurring biological entity would result in natural genome contamination. This is similar to the problem of “gene-flow” in the context of transgenic plants.<br />
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<li>''Run-off risk (“Grey-goo” problem):'' This is similar to the problem often discussed in the context of nanotechnology. Synthetic biology products released into the environment to accomplish a specific task should have a controlled lifespan outside the lab. If this in not the case, one can envision unintended consequences of a system running amuck.<br />
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<li>''Risk of creation of deadly pathogens for the purposes of bio-terrorism:'' The creation of the complete genome of Polio virus in the lab shows the potential of synthetic biology to engineer harmful pathogens. This technology, in rogue hands, could be used to engineer the genomes of deadly pathogens. The fact that the synthetic Polio virus was proven to be infectious shows the deadly potential of this technology.<br />
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>2. Bioethics in a broader sense: socio-scientific causes, IPR issues, controversies</p></span><br />
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For over 200 years, intellectual property laws have been the driving force for innovation and progress. The biotechnology industry of bioengineered organisms as we know it did not exist prior to the landmark US Supreme Court decision of Diamond v. Chakrabarty of 1980. The court held that anything made by the hand of man was eligible for patenting. Since this decision, the biotechnology industry has flourished and continues to grow. The patent system fosters the development of new biotechnology products and discoveries, new uses for old products and employment opportunities for millions of people the world over. Patents add value to laboratory discoveries, providing incentives for private sector investment into biotechnology development of new medicines and diagnostics for treatment and monitoring of intractable diseases, and agricultural and environmental products, to meet global needs. Patents facilitate academic research, because the release of information to the public is critical to the advancement of knowledge. The fact that an inventor can obtain patent protection on an invention encourages inventors not to withhold beneficial information from the public. In fact, the patent system provides strong incentive for sharing information. Not only can researchers use the information in a patent, but also by disclosing cutting-edge scientific information, the patent system helps prevent expensive duplication of efforts.<br />
Thus, the patent system ushers in a new era of public disclosure of all new developments and patents. Thus, the public is made aware of the goings on in the world of synthetic biology. This makes it even more imperative that we as scientists should take it upon us to educate the public and stimulate everyone to think about the complex ethical issues involved in the widespread use of such sensitive technology.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#0000cc;">Our projects: Best Human practices in Synthetic Biology</span></p><br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Consideration of Ethical issues, conceptualization of projects in accordance with the Bioethics:</span></p><br />
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Our project involves creation of synthetic constructs to be used for specific functions. We are attempting to construct a multi-state Turing machine which is a compound, modular computational system that has independent, interacting states which applies the above principle. This approach might overcome the shortcomings in building more complex and composite circuits.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Host organism :</span></p><br />
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For evaluation and further validation the gene circuits are inserted into control cell systems such as E.coli, which becomes genetically modified bacteria. ''E.coli'' is our organism of choice. It is generally a non-pathogenic bacteria and is a normal part of intestinal flora of warm-blooded animals. Neither the host strain nor the modifications introduced in them lead to any pathogenesis. <br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Good Lab Practices:</span></p><br />
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All the undergrad students were provided with the standard GLP guidelines and biological lab ethics. Standardised precautions were taken to handle the strains only in a biosafety hood.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Discrimination of the wild and genetically modified strains:</span></p><br />
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Care was taken not to mix the synthetic organism gene pool with the naturally occurring gene pool. Decontamination before disposal, and disposal according to the prescribed GLP guidelines was carried out. <br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Opinion Exchange: BioEthics</span></p><br />
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Throughout the course of iGEM projects, we have tried to criticize and review our methodologies ourselves as well as by others. A thorough revision and self retrospection on the same is something which is required for each Team in iGEM. We have discussed and reviewed our concepts,protocols, potential applications and risks, if any with Advisors, Faculties, research students from various biology departments in and around Pune University.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Concluding Remarks</span></p><br />
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Synthetic biology holds immense promise as a beneficial technology. As with any other area of biotechnology, there are associated areas of concern and risk. The technology itself is in a nascent stage and some of these issues will no doubt evolve as the technology progresses.<br />
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We applaud the intellectual freedom of researchers to think and dream in the pursuit of greater understanding that could lead to a better life for all of us. We believe the public should fully participate in the introduction of these new products both through an open, accessible and accountable regulatory system and through the exercise of free choice via market mechanisms. We encourage increased awareness and understanding of how agricultural biotechnology is being applied, and its impact on agricultural practices, use of animals in research, the environment and biological diversity.<br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Template:Team:IBB_Pune/menuTemplate:Team:IBB Pune/menu2009-10-22T03:12:24Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/SNOWDRIFT">Project1</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Turing_machines"> Project2</a><br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Template:Team:IBB_Pune/menuTemplate:Team:IBB Pune/menu2009-10-22T03:11:53Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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#nav, #nav ul {<br />
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#nav li {<br />
display: table-cell; /* purpose: li behaves like table-cell */<br />
position: relative; /* purpose: non-overlap li elements in ul */<br />
list-style: none; /* purpose: remove default html list-style */<br />
}<br />
<br />
#nav li a {<br />
display: block; /* purpose: non-overlap div on a */<br />
margin: 0 1px 0 0; /* purpose: spacing main menu items */<br />
padding: 4px 35px;<br />
background-color: #000066;<br />
color: #FFF;<br />
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font: bold 13px arial;<br />
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border: 1px solid #28B095;<br />
background: #EAEBD8;<br />
}<br />
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#nav span a, #nav div a {<br />
position: relative;<br />
display: block; /* purpose: a's in div have same width */<br />
margin: 0;<br />
padding: 5px 10px;<br />
text-align: left;<br />
font: 11px arial;<br />
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background-color: #00CC33;<br />
color: #000;<br />
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margin: 0;<br />
border: none; /* purpose: reset border to none */<br />
border-top: 1px solid #5970B2; /* purpose: add a seperator */<br />
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<span><a>Details</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/SNOWDRIFT">Project1</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Turing_machines"> Project2</a><br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/brainstormingTeam:IBB Pune/brainstorming2009-10-22T02:29:20Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:200%; color:#0000cc;">Brainstorming</span></p><br><br />
<p>We have had many brainstorming sessions within the team and with the instructors in which hundreds of ideas were discussed. We are listing a few interesting ideas below and we are sure that some or the other team will get rid of the theoretical/practical difficulties we faced and will do projects related to these ideas the next year if not this year. </P><p></p><br />
<p><br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#FF6600;">1.Sudoku solver bacteria:</span>This is quite a popular problem and many teams have considered doing this. We chose to solve a 4 x 4 sudoku because it is much simpler than the usual 9 x 9 one. The sudoku solving bacteria are a strain of bacteria, that will have a genetic circuit that allows differentiation into 4 types of phenotypes corresponding to the numbers 1,2,3,4. These phenotypes will include a combination of reporter proteins and signal molecules that will inhibit the differentiation to that specific phenotype.<br />
eg. "1" will inhibit the differentiation of naive cells to the 1 phenotype along rows, columns and blocks and so on. There are however many technical challenges.<br />
<br />
How do we restrict inhibition to a single box / column / row without disturbing other boxes?</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<p> <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#FF6600;">2.Singing bacteria:</span> <br />
Can sound be used as a stimulus for protein production? It was a long shot actually expecting to find a paper on this and find it, we did! There is a report that bacterial cells enhance the proliferation of neighboring cells under stress conditions by emitting a physical signal (Sound signal). There was also an observation of better growth of these bacteria in the presence of these sound waves emitted synthetically. <br />
Basically our idea was that maybe we can use this sound producing property (or rather singing ability) as a reporting device for certain cell conditions. <br />
Another thought was that we can grow our bacteria by actually ordering them around! We could produce certain frequencies of sounds to make our bacteria grow whenever we want. An open induction of growth system as and when we want. We could also characterize the regulatory mechanism responsible for detection and response to an audio input and make systems that accept sound as an input and produce PoPs.<br />
<br />
[http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgam/44/1/44_49/_article]<br />
</p><br />
<p> <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#FF6600;">3.Self prep bacteria:</span><br />
Self prep bacteria are strains of bacteria that can inducibly express proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes followed by lysis cassette.this will provide us with a lysate without protein and lipid contamination and will yield pure DNA.This plasmid can be used to prepare cloning strains for which plasmid mini-prep will be much easier and fast.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#FF6600;">4.Multi product strains:</span>there are many projects in iGEM 2008 about time switches that regulate protein expression.This can be used to produce two products, one primary and one secondary metabolite to economize the fermentation process.</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/TeamTeam:IBB Pune/Team2009-10-22T02:27:26Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
<br />
{{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<br><br />
::::::::[[Image:Teamcartoon.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Hi everyone!!!<br />
<br />
We are team iBB from the University of Pune. Our institute is a center for excellence in research in biotechnology.<br />
<br />
Our iGEM Team consists of 7 undergrads and 2 advisors.<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:200%; color:#0000cc;">IBB_Pune Team</span></p><br />
<br />
[[Image:Team.jpg|800px|center|thumbnail| '''From left to right:<br />
<br />
Amrita Oak,<br />
Rahul Bhosale,<br />
Samit Watve,<br />
Swetha Srinivasan,<br />
Professor Chopade,<br />
Praveen K Sahu,<br />
Chinar Patil,<br />
Mandar Phatak,<br />
Sharvari Sathe''' ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<html><div style="clear:both"></div></html><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<html><p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:180%; color:#0000cc;">The IBB iGEM story</span></p></html><br />
<br />
It all began in July 2008 when Samit read about iGEM and the whole idea fascinated him...it remained a topic of hot discussions and really intense brainstorming in IBB for months together until it slowly waned away due to the exams and normal curriculum.....people forgot what iGEM was until the day a mail was received by Mandar about the registration, and as always the IBB trio; Mandar, Swetha and Samit started the registration process at the eleventh hour....The task was tedious and tiring and there was a lot of red tapism they had to go through...<br />
finally the hard work paid off...<br />
And IBB got into iGEM.....<br />
<br />
Wish us luck!<br />
<br />
<br />
<html><p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:180%; color:#0000cc;">Students</span></p></html> <br />
{| class="wikitable" border="0" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"<br />
|-<br />
| [[Image:Mandar9.JPG|200px]]<br />
'''Mandar Phatak'''<br />
| '''Mandar'''..the team leader. Besides being a biologist,he is an indian classical vocalist and a creative artist. He also likes to argue with people about everything (he may want to argue that he does not!). He is currently at his final year M.Sc Biotechnology at IBB. <br />
|-<br />
| [[Image:Swetha.JPG|200px]]<br />
'''Swetha Srinivasan''' <br />
| '''Swetha''' is a 5th year integrated M.Sc biotech student in IBB and is interested in cell biology...Has excellent lab skills, dedication to work and meticulous approach. Certainly an upcoming biologist!!<br />
|-<br />
| [[Image:Samit03.jpg|200px]] <br />
'''Samit Watve'''<br />
| '''Samit'''...final year student in M.Sc.Biotech at IBB. <br />
Interests : Game theory, Evolutionary Biology, Synthetic Biology<br />
Likes: Problem solving, iGEM <br />
Life's Philosophy: Work is worship, Thank GOD I'm an atheist.<br />
Modal State: zzzzzz<br />
Wants to make a mark in iGEM this year. Beware iGEM...he is coming!!<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:chinar9.JPG|200px]] <br />
'''Chinar Patil''' <br />
|'''Chinar'''...a final year M.Sc. Biotechnology student...an excellent communicator and a motivator, with tremendous enthusiasm. Looks forward to celebrate his birthday (3rd NOV) at the MIT Jamboree, this year.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[Image:sharvari9.JPG|200px]] <br />
'''Sharvari Sathe'''<br />
| '''Sharvari'''..a 4th year student in M.Sc.Biotech course at IBB. Experienced in cancer and tissue culture studies, good communicator and excellent team worker,looks forward to iGEM this year!!<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:amrita1.JPG|200px]] <br />
'''Amrita Oak'''<br />
|'''Amrita'''...a 4th year undergrad in M.Sc.Biotechnology..already a national level young scientist (KVPY) fellowship under her belt.. she's crazy about mountain trekking and river-rafting..wants to make a career in vesicle genetics...<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|[[Image:Rahul.JPG|200px]] <br />
'''Rahul Bhosale'''<br />
<br />
||'''Rahul''' doing M.Tech after his M.Sc.Biotechnology. Already the author of two international publications in Phycology & one more in the pipeline... aspires to do a doctorate in Plant Molecular & Functional Genomics.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<html><p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:180%; color:#0000cc;">ADVISORS</span></p></html><br />
<br />
<br />
{|- class="wikitable" border="0" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"<br />
|-<br />
| [[Image:BA_Chopade.jpg|200px]] '''Professor B.A. Chopade'''<br />
|'''Professor Balu Ananda Chopade'''...the Director of IBB, University of Pune is the Faculty cum Advisor for the IBB_Pune iGEM 2009 Team. An eminent and renowned Professor in Microbial Molecular Genetics in INDIA; having a doctoral degree from Nottingham, has more than 60 international & national research publications and two highly cited US patents. A strong motivator and with a 'NEVER-SAY-DIE' attitude...has tremendous willpower to see and make IBB happening in iGEM as well as in an international arena.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:Praveen.jpg|200px]] '''Praveen Kishore Sahu'''<br />
|'''Praveen'''...currently working as a Senior Research Fellow in IBB. Basically a Biotechnology post-graduate, with 4 international & national research publications in malariology and parasitology and more in the pipeline. He is also doing Ph.D. Biotechnology in 'Genomics of Pathogenic Biofilms ' at IBB, University of Pune. <br />
'''Instructor''' for the team IBB_Pune; loves music and correlative science, looks forward to take on the giants in synthetic biology this year at MIT !!<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
----<br />
<html><br />
<p><a href="#top">Back to Top of Page</a></p><br />
</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/NotebookTeam:IBB Pune/Notebook2009-10-22T01:38:22Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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Click on any day below to see what wet-lab procedures were conducted.<br />
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{| align="center"<br />
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|align="center" width="250pt"|{{#calendar: title=IBB_Pune |year=2009 | month=08}}<br />
|align="center" width="250pt"|{{#calendar: title=IBB_Pune |year=2009 | month=09}}<br />
|align="center" width="250pt"|{{#calendar: title=IBB_Pune |year=2009 | month=10}}<br />
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|}</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/whyarewedifferentTeam:IBB Pune/whyarewedifferent2009-10-22T01:22:57Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==WHY ARE WE DIFFERENT?==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Student Initiative'''<br />
::* The one thing that separates us from other teams in iGEM'09 is that we are a completely =student initiated team=. From looking for ideas, getting advisors, getting the requisite permissions from the university, getting funding etc was done by students.<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Intellectual Resources'''<br />
::* One of our initial problems was that not only do we lack a course in Synthetic Biology available to us, but also that there is no researcher working in Synthetic Biology from amongst the many biology institutes in our city. We overcame this problem by figuring out many things on our own (making lots of mistakes along the way :p) helped in no small amount by our advisor Praveen Sahu, an expert in things MolBio.<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Academic Background'''<br />
::* Unlike most other teams, all the 6 student members of our team have the same academic background. We are all undergraduates studying Biotechnology.</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/whyarewedifferentTeam:IBB Pune/whyarewedifferent2009-10-22T01:17:32Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==WHY ARE WE DIFFERENT?==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Student Initiative'''<br />
::* The one thing that separates us from other teams in iGEM'09 is that we are a completely =student initiated team=. From looking for ideas, getting advisors, getting the requisite permissions from the university, getting funding etc was done by students.<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Intellectual Resources'''<br />
::* One of our initial problems was that not only do we lack a course in Synthetic Biology available to us, but also that there is no researcher working in Synthetic Biology from amongst the many biology institutes in our city. We overcame this problem by figuring out many things on our own (making lots of mistakes along the way =:p=)</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Template:Team:IBB_Pune/menuTemplate:Team:IBB Pune/menu2009-10-22T00:30:15Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Turing_machines"> project2</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Project">Summary</a><br />
<span><a>Details</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/SNOWDRIFT">project1</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Turing_machines"> project2</a><br />
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICS">BIOETHICS</a><br />
<div><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICS">Bioethics</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safety">Safety</a><br />
</div><br />
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<br />
<br />
<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Parts">PARTS</a><br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/ApplicationsTeam:IBB Pune/Applications2009-10-22T00:05:52Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#FF6600;">Export of recombinant proteins:<br />
</span></p><br />
One of the major concerns to companies producing recombinant proteins is the cost-intensive downstream processes involved in protein extraction and purification. It is estimated that nearly 80% of the costs involved in production of recombinant proteins is due to downstream processes alone. Thus advances in recombinant protein export may provide a cost effective solution to the problem of downstream processing. We designed two bio bricks based on the concept of protein export. Parts <partinfo>BBa_K233306</partinfo> (Ycdb) and <partinfo>BBa_K233307</partinfo> (TorA) are N-terminal sequences found in proteins which are exported by the TAT Pathway in E. coli. Using standard assembly methods, these parts can be fused to a protein of interest which could enable these proteins to be secreted out of the cell using the same TAT dependent pathway. This advance in protein export to drastically reduce protein purification costs, increase yields and provide an impetus to the biotech industry.<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#FF6600;">Natural Competance:<br />
</span></p><br />
Allowing cells to take up DNA on their own saves many steps involved in research and development. Once cells are allowed to take up nucleic acids under a specified, structured control, many of the processes involved in inducing transformation can be safely saved. Spontaneous mutagens can be obtained much faster and on demand!<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#FF6600;">Cell to Cell Signalling:<br />
</span></p><br />
Cell to cell signaling processes further allow for strengthening the probability of cell survival in conditions of stress such a those which are provided during resistance development processes. These include resistance against antibiotics, harsh temperatures, pH and other environmental conditions like humidity and light availability. Rather than merely adapting to the conditions at hand, the cells become more susceptible to DNA uptake and undergo mutations. Hence the proportion of cells which have undergone permanent changes as opposed to adaptations, greatly increases. This results in lesser wastage of biomass, resources and materials required for product development.<br />
These mutants can be screened for desired changes allowing for faster development desired strains.<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#FF6600;">Turing Machine:<br />
</span></p><br />
The turing machine project displays how cells can be programmed to sense entirely different kind of stimuli to produce pre-programmed outputs. The cell essentially behaves like a machine with a chemical input and a dynamic output. Custom made cells are dream of industrialists constantly trying to achieve the most energy convenient procedures.<br />
<br />
Introducing mathematical operations into biological cells merely dispays how the roles of nature and technology have reversed.It has always been such that man has observed nature to create the simplest yet most efficient machines to make life easier. Now man changing nature to incarnate his ideas gives a creative high to every kind of scientist.</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICSTeam:IBB Pune/BIOETHICS2009-10-22T00:01:41Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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As scientists and citizens, we must address questions and controversies surrounding the use of biotechnology and make choices that will best serve humanity. We should be committed to the socially responsible use of biotechnology in health care, food and agriculture, industry and the environment. As biotechnology strives to provide us with benefits such as treatments for intractable diseases such as Cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; abundant, nutritious food; industrial sustainability; and a cleaner world, we encourage public discussion of the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnology research. Responsible and ethical testing of new technologies and decisions regarding whether and how to use medical products and technologies must always be made with profound regard for the rights of patients. In our view, appropriate regulation of biotechnology is solidly rooted in values such as autonomy, privacy, beneficence, social justice and intellectual freedom.<br />
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>1. Synthetic Biology: How is it different from the ad-hoc molecular cloning / Genetic Engineering / RDT?</p></span><br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; color:#0000cc;"><p> The scope is now wider and simpler.</p></span><br />
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Synthetic biology is broadly defined as the area of intersection of biology and engineering, that is focused on: The design and fabrication of biological components and systems that do not already exist in the natural world and the redesign and fabrication of existing biological systems. A primary objective of this nascent research area is to create a programmable microorganism from scratch, as opposed to modifying components of living cells to achieve desired functionality. This distinguishes it from current genetic techniques that result in genetically modified organisms at the cellular level. How can we compare synthetic biology to other areas of biotechnology? Transgenic mice, bio-engineered plasmids, and other living forms are regularly created in the process of biomedical research. What would be the difference between these modified life forms and life forms created using a synthetic biology approach? In order to address these questions, the primary differentiators between synthetic biology and other techniques are outlined below. Synthetic biology systems would exhibit one or more of these attributes (first two are mandatory):<br />
Raw materials: Synthetic elements would be constructed from basic elements (synthetic or purified oligonucleotides in the case of synthetic DNA) in the lab (and not as part of a natural cellular process).<br />
<ul><br />
<br />
<li>''No natural counterpart:'' Synthetic elements or networks would not have an identical copy in natural cells. The caveat would be synthetically created whole genomes of existing organisms – although a minimal genome (critical genes for survival) organism would be more likely.<br />
<br />
<li>'' Programmable:'' Synthetic regulatory elements and networks engineered in cells would be controllable with external stimulus in a deterministic fashion.<br />
<br />
<li>''Synthetic whole genome:'' Starting with synthetic oligonucleotides as raw materials, the end product would be an artificially assembled genome or “minimal genome”. In order to distinguish between synthetic biological creations and other approaches like transgenic organisms, the key difference to be noted is that transgenic organisms are the result of introducing naturally occurring foreign or mutated DNA (genes) into the organism.<br />
<br />
<li>''Risks involved in synthetic biology practices''<br />
Some of the risks posed by products of synthetic biology are outlined below. As we move up the classification hierarchy of synthetic biology products, and thus on to higher levels of integration, the risks increase. Also, with initiatives like iGEM, the layman gets an easier access to such sensitive technologies and the risks involved are enormous. Hence a thorough and well thought-out safety structure is essential.<br />
<br />
<li>''Risk of negative environmental impact:'' <br />
This includes scenarios in which a synthetically created micro-organism designed for a particular task (e.g.: Environmental cleanup) could have a side effect of interacting with another environmental substance and impact the overall environment negatively.<br />
<br />
<li>'' Risk of natural genome pool contamination:'' Any genetic exchange between a synthetic biological entity and a naturally occurring biological entity would result in natural genome contamination. This is similar to the problem of “gene-flow” in the context of transgenic plants.<br />
<br />
<li>''Run-off risk (“Grey-goo” problem):'' This is similar to the problem often discussed in the context of nanotechnology. Synthetic biology products released into the environment to accomplish a specific task should have a controlled lifespan outside the lab. If this in not the case, one can envision unintended consequences of a system running amuck.<br />
<br />
<li>''Risk of creation of deadly pathogens for the purposes of bio-terrorism:'' The creation of the complete genome of Polio virus in the lab shows the potential of synthetic biology to engineer harmful pathogens. This technology, in rogue hands, could be used to engineer the genomes of deadly pathogens. The fact that the synthetic Polio virus was proven to be infectious shows the deadly potential of this technology.<br />
<br />
</p><br />
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>2. Bioethics in a broader sense: socio-scientific causes, IPR issues, controversies</p></span><br />
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For over 200 years, intellectual property laws have been the driving force for innovation and progress. The biotechnology industry of bioengineered organisms as we know it did not exist prior to the landmark US Supreme Court decision of Diamond v. Chakrabarty of 1980. The court held that anything made by the hand of man was eligible for patenting. Since this decision, the biotechnology industry has flourished and continues to grow. The patent system fosters the development of new biotechnology products and discoveries, new uses for old products and employment opportunities for millions of people the world over. Patents add value to laboratory discoveries, providing incentives for private sector investment into biotechnology development of new medicines and diagnostics for treatment and monitoring of intractable diseases, and agricultural and environmental products, to meet global needs. Patents facilitate academic research, because the release of information to the public is critical to the advancement of knowledge. The fact that an inventor can obtain patent protection on an invention encourages inventors not to withhold beneficial information from the public. In fact, the patent system provides strong incentive for sharing information. Not only can researchers use the information in a patent, but also by disclosing cutting-edge scientific information, the patent system helps prevent expensive duplication of efforts.<br />
Thus, the patent system ushers in a new era of public disclosure of all new developments and patents. Thus, the public is made aware of the goings on in the world of synthetic biology. This makes it even more imperative that we as scientists should take it upon us to educate the public and stimulate everyone to think about the complex ethical issues involved in the widespread use of such sensitive technology.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#0000cc;">Our projects: Best Human practices in Synthetic Biology</span></p><br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Consideration of Ethical issues, conceptualization of projects in accordance with the Bioethics:</span></p><br />
<br />
Our project involves creation of synthetic constructs to be used for specific functions. We are attempting to construct a multi-state Turing machine which is a compound, modular computational system that has independent, interacting states which applies the above principle. This approach might overcome the shortcomings in building more complex and composite circuits.<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Host organism :</span></p><br />
<br />
For evaluation and further validation the gene circuits are inserted into control cell systems such as E.coli, which becomes genetically modified bacteria. ''E.coli'' is our organism of choice. It is generally a non-pathogenic bacteria and is a normal part of intestinal flora of warm-blooded animals. Neither the host strain nor the modifications introduced in them lead to any pathogenesis. <br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Good Lab Practices:</span></p><br />
<br />
All the undergrad students were provided with the standard GLP guidelines and biological lab ethics. Standardised precautions were taken to handle the strains only in a biosafety hood.<br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Discrimination of the wild and genetically modified strains:</span></p><br />
<br />
Care was taken not to mix the synthetic organism gene pool with the naturally occurring gene pool. Decontamination before disposal, and disposal according to the prescribed GLP guidelines was carried out. <br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Opinion Exchange: BioEthics</span></p><br />
<br />
Throughout the course of iGEM projects, we have tried to criticize and review our methodologies ourselves as well as by others. A thorough revision and self retrospection on the same is something which is required for each Team in iGEM. We have discussed and reviewed our concepts,protocols, potential applications and risks, if any with Advisors, Faculties, research students from various biology departments in and around Pune University.<br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Concluding Remarks</span></p><br />
<br />
Synthetic biology holds immense promise as a beneficial technology. As with any other area of biotechnology, there are associated areas of concern and risk. The technology itself is in a nascent stage and some of these issues will no doubt evolve as the technology progresses.<br />
<br />
We applaud the intellectual freedom of researchers to think and dream in the pursuit of greater understanding that could lead to a better life for all of us. We believe the public should fully participate in the introduction of these new products both through an open, accessible and accountable regulatory system and through the exercise of free choice via market mechanisms. We encourage increased awareness and understanding of how agricultural biotechnology is being applied, and its impact on agricultural practices, use of animals in research, the environment and biological diversity.<br />
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As scientists and citizens, we must address questions and controversies surrounding the use of biotechnology and make choices that will best serve humanity. We should be committed to the socially responsible use of biotechnology in health care, food and agriculture, industry and the environment. As biotechnology strives to provide us with benefits such as treatments for intractable diseases such as Cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; abundant, nutritious food; industrial sustainability; and a cleaner world, we encourage public discussion of the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnology research. Responsible and ethical testing of new technologies and decisions regarding whether and how to use medical products and technologies must always be made with profound regard for the rights of patients. In our view, appropriate regulation of biotechnology is solidly rooted in values such as autonomy, privacy, beneficence, social justice and intellectual freedom.<br />
</p><br />
<br />
</font><br />
</td><br />
</table><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>1. Synthetic Biology: How is it different from the ad-hoc molecular cloning / Genetic Engineering / RDT?</p></span><br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; color:#0000cc;"><p> The scope is now wider and simpler.</p></span><br />
<br />
<html><br />
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<style><br />
.greybox {<br />
background-color: #F0CA92;<br />
}<br />
</style><br />
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<!-- INSERT GREY BOX TEXT HERE! (formatting: <b>bold</> <i>italic> <h4>header</h4>) --><br />
<br />
<p><br />
Synthetic biology is broadly defined as the area of intersection of biology and engineering, that is focused on: The design and fabrication of biological components and systems that do not already exist in the natural world and the redesign and fabrication of existing biological systems. A primary objective of this nascent research area is to create a programmable microorganism from scratch, as opposed to modifying components of living cells to achieve desired functionality. This distinguishes it from current genetic techniques that result in genetically modified organisms at the cellular level. How can we compare synthetic biology to other areas of biotechnology? Transgenic mice, bio-engineered plasmids, and other living forms are regularly created in the process of biomedical research. What would be the difference between these modified life forms and life forms created using a synthetic biology approach? In order to address these questions, the primary differentiators between synthetic biology and other techniques are outlined below. Synthetic biology systems would exhibit one or more of these attributes (first two are mandatory):<br />
Raw materials: Synthetic elements would be constructed from basic elements (synthetic or purified oligonucleotides in the case of synthetic DNA) in the lab (and not as part of a natural cellular process).<br />
<ul><br />
<br />
<li>''No natural counterpart:'' Synthetic elements or networks would not have an identical copy in natural cells. The caveat would be synthetically created whole genomes of existing organisms – although a minimal genome (critical genes for survival) organism would be more likely.<br />
<br />
<li>'' Programmable:'' Synthetic regulatory elements and networks engineered in cells would be controllable with external stimulus in a deterministic fashion.<br />
<br />
<li>''Synthetic whole genome:'' Starting with synthetic oligonucleotides as raw materials, the end product would be an artificially assembled genome or “minimal genome”. In order to distinguish between synthetic biological creations and other approaches like transgenic organisms, the key difference to be noted is that transgenic organisms are the result of introducing naturally occurring foreign or mutated DNA (genes) into the organism.<br />
<br />
<li>''Risks involved in synthetic biology practices''<br />
Some of the risks posed by products of synthetic biology are outlined below. As we move up the classification hierarchy of synthetic biology products, and thus on to higher levels of integration, the risks increase.<br />
<br />
<li>''Risk of negative environmental impact:'' <br />
This includes scenarios in which a synthetically created micro-organism designed for a particular task (e.g.: Environmental cleanup) could have a side effect of interacting with another environmental substance and impact the overall environment negatively.<br />
<br />
<li>'' Risk of natural genome pool contamination:'' Any genetic exchange between a synthetic biological entity and a naturally occurring biological entity would result in natural genome contamination. This is similar to the problem of “gene-flow” in the context of transgenic plants.<br />
<br />
<li>''Run-off risk (“Grey-goo” problem):'' This is similar to the problem often discussed in the context of nanotechnology. Synthetic biology products released into the environment to accomplish a specific task should have a controlled lifespan outside the lab. If this in not the case, one can envision unintended consequences of a system run amuck.<br />
<br />
<li>''Risk of creation of deadly pathogens for the purposes of bio-terrorism:'' The creation of the complete genome of Polio virus in the lab shows the potential of synthetic biology to engineer harmful pathogens. This technology, in rogue hands, could be used to engineer the genomes of deadly pathogens. The fact that the synthetic Polio virus was proven to be infectious shows the deadly potential of this technology.<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
</font><br />
</td><br />
</table><br />
<br />
</html><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>2. Bioethics in a broader sense: socio-scientific causes, IPR issues, controversies</p></span><br />
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<p><br />
For over 200 years, intellectual property laws have been the driving force for innovation and progress. The biotechnology industry as we know it did not exist prior to the landmark US Supreme Court decision of Diamond v. Chakrabarty of 1980. The court held that anything made by the hand of man was eligible for patenting. Since this decision, the biotechnology industry has flourished and continues to grow. The patent system fosters the development of new biotechnology products and discoveries, new uses for old products and employment opportunities for millions of Americans. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the biotechnology arena. Patents add value to laboratory discoveries, providing incentives for private sector investment into biotechnology development of new medicines and diagnostics for treatment and monitoring of intractable diseases, and agricultural and environmental products, to meet global needs. Patents facilitate academic research, because the release of information to the public is critical to the advancement of knowledge. The fact that an inventor can obtain patent protection on an invention encourages inventors not to withhold beneficial information from the public. In fact, the patent system provides strong incentive for sharing information. Not only can researchers use the information in a patent, but also by disclosing cutting-edge scientific information, the patent system helps prevent expensive duplication of efforts.<br />
<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#0000cc;">Our projects: Best Human practices in Synthetic Biology</span></p><br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Consideration of Ethical issues, conceptualization of projects in accordance with the Bioethics:</span></p><br />
<br />
Our project involves creation of synthetic constructs to be used for specific functions. We are attempting to construct a multi-state Turing machine which is a compound, modular computational system that has independent, interacting states which applies the above principle. This approach might overcome the shortcomings in building more complex and composite circuits. Our projects involves no inclusion of animal studies.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Host organism :</span></p><br />
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For evaluation and further validation the gene circuits are inserted into control cell systems such as E.coli, which becomes genetically modified bacteria. ''E.coli'' is our organism of choice. It is generally a non-pathogenic bacteria and is a normal part of intestinal flora of warm-blooded animals. Neither the host strain nor the modifications introduced in them lead to any pathogenesis. <br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Good Lab Practices:</span></p><br />
<br />
All the undergrad students were provided with the standard GLP guidelines and biological lab ethics. Standardised precautions were taken to handle the strains only in a biosafety hood.<br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Discrimination of the wild and genetically modified strains:</span></p><br />
<br />
Care was taken not to mix the synthetic organism gene pool with the naturally occurring gene pool. Decontamination before disposal, and disposal according to the prescribed GLP guidelines was carried out. <br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Opinion Exchange: BioEthics</span></p><br />
<br />
Throughout the course of iGEM projects, we have tried to criticize and review our methodologies ourselves as well as by others. A thorough revision and self retrospection on the same is something which is required for each Team in iGEM. We have discussed and reviewed our concepts,protocols, potential applications and risks, if any with Advisors, Faculties, research students from various biology departments in and around Pune University.<br />
<br />
<br />
<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Concluding Remarks</span></p><br />
<br />
Synthetic biology holds immense promise as a beneficial technology. As with any other area of biotechnology, there are associated areas of concern and risk. The technology itself is in a nascent stage and some of these issues will no doubt evolve as the technology progresses.<br />
<br />
We applaud the intellectual freedom of researchers to think and dream in the pursuit of greater understanding that could lead to a better life for all of us. We believe the public should fully participate in the introduction of these new products both through an open, accessible and accountable regulatory system and through the exercise of free choice via market mechanisms. We encourage increased awareness and understanding of how agricultural biotechnology is being applied, and its impact on agricultural practices, use of animals in research, the environment and biological diversity.<br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/18_May_2009IBB Pune/18 May 20092009-10-21T23:10:11Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}</p>
<hr />
<div>{{team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/sponsorsTeam:IBB Pune/sponsors2009-10-21T23:09:10Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<br />
<br />
We urge all the interested sponsors to contact us at<br />
<br />
Professor B.A.Chopade, Advisor, Team IBB_Pune: directoribb@unipune.ernet.in '''Tel: +91-20-25690442'''<br />
<br />
Praveen Kishore Sahu, Advisor, Team IBB_Pune: praveenkishore.sahu@gmail.com ''' Tel: +91-9373-258824'''<br />
<br />
Mandar Dilip Phatak, Team Leader, Team IBB_Pune: mandardilipphatak@gmail.com '''Tel: +91-9970-068048'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Cheques and Demand Drafts should be in favor of<br />
<br />
'''"Registrar, University of Pune"''' and <br />
<br />
Addressed to <br />
'''Director, IBB, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, INDIA'''<br />
<br><br><br />
::::::::::<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#009999;">We would like to thank our sponsors for their kind support! :-) </span></p><br />
<br><br />
<br />
{{Team:IBB_Pune/footer}}</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:07:59Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
<br />
'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of: researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
The reason for this lack of awareness in our University is due to the lack of ongoing Synthetic Biology research here. We have taken the initiative and talked to the relevant authorities including the Vice Chancellor, to set into motion the machinery to ensure such biosafety measures are put into place.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:07:26Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of: researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
The reason for this lack of awareness in our University is due to the lack of ongoing Synthetic Biology research here. We have taken the initiative and talked to the relevant authorities including the Vice Chancellor, to set into motion the machinery to ensure such biosafety measures are put into place.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:02:38Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of: researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:02:19Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of<br />
researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:02:00Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:<br />
researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?<br />
'''<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:01:36Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:<br />
researcher safety, public safety, or environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:01:13Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:<br />
researcher safety,<br />
public safety, or<br />
environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:00:57Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:<br />
researcher safety,<br />
public safety, or<br />
environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''<br />
Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safetyTeam:IBB Pune/safety2009-10-21T23:00:39Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:<br />
researcher safety,<br />
public safety, or<br />
environmental safety?'''<br />
<br />
No, our project does not raise any such safety issues.<br />
While formulating our project idea and the relevant experimental designs, we took special care that no safety problems would arise, public or environmental.<br />
We followed the GLPs established in our labs to ensure researcher safety. We were supervised in our observance of these GLPs by our instructors.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''<br />
Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?'''<br />
<br />
No. To overcome this glitch while handling sensitive material like BioBricks, we made sure an experienced Instructor was involved and took stringent measures so that no mistakes were made.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What does your local biosafety group think about your project?'''<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?<br />
'''<br />
No. We have a project plan that ensures no breach of biosafety.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry?'''<br />
<br />
-</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Template:Team:IBB_Pune/menuTemplate:Team:IBB Pune/menu2009-10-21T22:32:12Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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<ul><br />
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune">HOME</a></li><br />
<br />
<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Team">TEAM</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Team">Meet the Team</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/press">Press Articles</a><br />
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<br />
<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Project">PROJECT</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Project">Summary</a><br />
<span><a>Details</a><br />
<div><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/SNOWDRIFT">project1</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Turing_machines"> project2</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/project/project3">project3</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/project/systems together">master plan</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/project/Results">results</a><br />
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</span><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Modeling">Modeling</a><br />
<span><a>Related</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Applications">Applications</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/reference lit">Reading</a><br />
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</li><br />
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICS">BIOETHICS</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICS">Bioethics</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/safety">Safety</a><br />
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Notebook">NOTEBOOK</a><br />
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<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Notebook">Notebook</a><br />
<a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/Protocols">Protocols</a><br />
</div><br />
</li><br />
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/sponsors">SPONSORS</a><br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/Team:IBB_Pune/BIOETHICSTeam:IBB Pune/BIOETHICS2009-10-21T22:09:27Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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As scientists and citizens, we must address questions and controversies surrounding the use of biotechnology and make choices that will best serve humanity. We should be committed to the socially responsible use of biotechnology in health care, food and agriculture, industry and the environment. As biotechnology strives to provide us with benefits such as treatments for intractable diseases such as Cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; abundant, nutritious food; industrial sustainability; and a cleaner world, we encourage public discussion of the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnology research. Responsible and ethical testing of new technologies and decisions regarding whether and how to use medical products and technologies must always be made with profound respect for the rights of patients. In our view, appropriate regulation of biotechnology is solidly rooted in values such as autonomy, privacy, beneficence, social justice and intellectual freedom.<br />
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>1. Synthetic Biology: How is it different from the ad-hoc molecular cloning / Genetic Engineering/RDT?</p></span><br />
<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; color:#0000cc;"><p> The scope has been widened and made simplified.</p></span><br />
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Synthetic biology is broadly defined as the area of intersection of biology and engineering, that is focused on: The design and fabrication of biological components and systems that do not already exist in the natural world and the redesign and fabrication of existing biological systems. A primary objective of this nascent research area is to create a programmable microorganism from scratch, as opposed to modifying components of living cells to achieve desired functionality. This distinguishes it from current genetic techniques that result in genetically modified organisms at the cellular level. How can we compare synthetic biology to other areas of biotechnology? Transgenic mice, bio-engineered plasmids, and other living forms are regularly created in the process of biomedical research. What would be the difference between these modified life forms and life forms created using a synthetic biology approach? In order to address these questions, the primary differentiators between synthetic biology and other techniques are outlined below. Synthetic biology systems would exhibit one or more of these attributes (first two are mandatory):<br />
Raw materials: Synthetic elements would be constructed from basic elements (synthetic or purified oligonucleotides in the case of synthetic DNA) in the lab (and not as part of a natural cellular process).<br />
<ul><br />
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<li>''No natural counterpart:'' Synthetic elements or networks would not have an identical copy in natural cells. The caveat would be synthetically created whole genomes of existing organisms – although a minimal genome (critical genes for survival) organism would be more likely.<br />
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<li>'' Programmable:'' Synthetic regulatory elements and networks engineered in cells would be controllable with external stimulus in a deterministic fashion.<br />
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<li>''Synthetic whole genome:'' Starting with synthetic oligonucleotides as raw materials, the end product would be an artificially assembled genome or “minimal genome”. In order to distinguish between synthetic biological creations and other approaches like transgenic organisms, the key difference to be noted is that transgenic organisms are the result of introducing naturally occurring foreign or mutated DNA (genes) into the organism.<br />
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<li>''Risks involved in synthetic biology practices''<br />
Some of the risks posed by products of synthetic biology are outlined below. As we move up the classification hierarchy of synthetic biology products, and thus on to higher levels of integration, the risks increase.<br />
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<li>''Risk of negative environmental impact:'' <br />
This includes scenarios in which a synthetically created micro-organism designed for a particular task (e.g.: Environmental cleanup) could have a side effect of interacting with another environmental substance and impact the overall environment negatively.<br />
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<li>'' Risk of natural genome pool contamination:'' Any genetic exchange between a synthetic biological entity and a naturally occurring biological entity would result in natural genome contamination. This is similar to the problem of “gene-flow” in the context of transgenic plants.<br />
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<li>''Run-off risk (“Grey-goo” problem):'' This is similar to the problem often discussed in the context of nanotechnology. Synthetic biology products released into the environment to accomplish a specific task should have a controlled lifespan outside the lab. If this in not the case, one can envision unintended consequences of a system run amuck.<br />
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<li>''Risk of creation of deadly pathogens for the purposes of bio-terrorism:'' The creation of the complete genome of Polio virus in the lab shows the potential of synthetic biology to engineer harmful pathogens. This technology, in rogue hands, could be used to engineer the genomes of deadly pathogens. The fact that the synthetic Polio virus was proven to be infectious shows the deadly potential of this technology.<br />
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<span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;"><p>2. Bioethics in a broader sense: socio-scientific causes, IPR issues, controversies</p></span><br />
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For over 200 years, intellectual property laws have been the driving force for innovation and progress. The biotechnology industry as we know it did not exist prior to the landmark US Supreme Court decision of Diamond v. Chakrabarty of 1980. The court held that anything made by the hand of man was eligible for patenting. Since this decision, the biotechnology industry has flourished and continues to grow. The patent system fosters the development of new biotechnology products and discoveries, new uses for old products and employment opportunities for millions of Americans. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the biotechnology arena. Patents add value to laboratory discoveries, providing incentives for private sector investment into biotechnology development of new medicines and diagnostics for treatment and monitoring of intractable diseases, and agricultural and environmental products, to meet global needs. Patents facilitate academic research, because the release of information to the public is critical to the advancement of knowledge. The fact that an inventor can obtain patent protection on an invention encourages inventors not to withhold beneficial information from the public. In fact, the patent system provides strong incentive for sharing information. Not only can researchers use the information in a patent, but also by disclosing cutting-edge scientific information, the patent system helps prevent expensive duplication of efforts.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:150%; color:#0000cc;">Our projects: Best Human practices in Synthetic Biology</span></p><br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Consideration of Ethical issues, conceptualization of projects in accordance with the Bioethics:</span></p><br />
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Our project involves creation of synthetic constructs to be used for specific functions. We are attempting to construct a multi-state Turing machine which is a compound, modular computational system that has independent, interacting states which applies the above principle. This approach might overcome the shortcomings in building more complex and composite circuits. Our projects involves no inclusion of animal studies.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Host organism :</span></p><br />
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For evaluation and further validation the gene circuits are inserted into control cell systems such as E.coli, which becomes genetically modified bacteria. ''E.coli'' is our organism of choice. It is generally a non-pathogenic bacteria and is a normal part of intestinal flora of warm-blooded animals. Neither the host strain nor the modifications introduced in them lead to any pathogenesis. <br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Good Lab Practices:</span></p><br />
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All the undergrad students were provided with the standard GLP guidelines and biological lab ethics. Standardised precautions were taken to handle the strains only in a biosafety hood.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Discrimination of the wild and genetically modified strains:</span></p><br />
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Care was taken not to mix the synthetic organism gene pool with the naturally occurring gene pool. Decontamination before disposal, and disposal according to the prescribed GLP guidelines was carried out. <br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Opinion Exchange: BioEthics</span></p><br />
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Throughout the course of iGEM projects, we have tried to criticize and review our methodologies ourselves as well as by others. A thorough revision and self retrospection on the same is something which is required for each Team in iGEM. We have discussed and reviewed our concepts,protocols, potential applications and risks, if any with Advisors, Faculties, research students from various biology departments in and around Pune University.<br />
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<p><span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:125%; color:#0000cc;">Concluding Remarks</span></p><br />
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Synthetic biology holds immense promise as a beneficial technology. As with any other area of biotechnology, there are associated areas of concern and risk. The technology itself is in a nascent stage and some of these issues will no doubt evolve as the technology progresses.<br />
<br />
We applaud the intellectual freedom of researchers to think and dream in the pursuit of greater understanding that could lead to a better life for all of us. We believe the public should fully participate in the introduction of these new products both through an open, accessible and accountable regulatory system and through the exercise of free choice via market mechanisms. We encourage increased awareness and understanding of how agricultural biotechnology is being applied, and its impact on agricultural practices, use of animals in research, the environment and biological diversity.<br />
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</html></div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/28_September_2009IBB Pune/28 September 20092009-10-21T22:00:32Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} almost all the parts we require are here now. we now plan to start assembly.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
{{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}}<br />
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almost all the parts we require are here now.<br />
<br />
we now plan to start assembly.</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/27_September_2009IBB Pune/27 September 20092009-10-21T21:59:08Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Plasmid extraction, positive</p>
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/24_September_2009IBB Pune/24 September 20092009-10-21T21:58:38Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Plasmid extraction, positive</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/18_September_2009IBB Pune/18 September 20092009-10-21T21:58:14Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Plasmid extraction, positive</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/15_September_2009IBB Pune/15 September 20092009-10-21T21:57:59Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Plasmid extraction, positive</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/12_September_2009IBB Pune/12 September 20092009-10-21T21:57:46Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Plasmid extraction, positive</p>
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/9_September_2009IBB Pune/9 September 20092009-10-21T21:57:29Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Plasmid extraction, positive</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/6_September_2009IBB Pune/6 September 20092009-10-21T21:56:01Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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Plasmid extraction, positive</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/26_September_2009IBB Pune/26 September 20092009-10-21T21:54:26Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Inoculated for extraction</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/23_September_2009IBB Pune/23 September 20092009-10-21T21:54:02Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/23_September_2009IBB Pune/23 September 20092009-10-21T21:53:27Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Backbone fails Inoculated for extraction</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Backbone fails<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/20_September_2009IBB Pune/20 September 20092009-10-21T21:53:03Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Backbone fails Inoculated for extraction</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Backbone fails<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/17_September_2009IBB Pune/17 September 20092009-10-21T21:52:29Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Backbone fails Inoculated for extraction</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Backbone fails<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/14_September_2009IBB Pune/14 September 20092009-10-21T21:51:58Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Backbone fails Inoculated for extraction</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Backbone fails<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/11_September_2009IBB Pune/11 September 20092009-10-21T21:51:43Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Backbone fails Inoculated for extraction</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Inoculated for extraction</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/5_September_2009IBB Pune/5 September 20092009-10-21T21:51:25Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Backbone fails</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/8_September_2009IBB Pune/8 September 20092009-10-21T21:50:52Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} Transformants obtained. Backbone fails</p>
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Transformants obtained.<br />
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Backbone fails</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/5_September_2009IBB Pune/5 September 20092009-10-21T21:48:59Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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{{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}}</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/5_September_2009IBB Pune/5 September 20092009-10-21T21:48:46Z<p>Mithrandir311: </p>
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{{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}}</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/25_September_2009IBB Pune/25 September 20092009-10-21T21:48:01Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} BioBricks transformed today *RFP coding sequence *GFP coding sequence</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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BioBricks transformed today<br />
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*RFP coding sequence<br />
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*GFP coding sequence</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/22_September_2009IBB Pune/22 September 20092009-10-21T21:47:09Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} BioBricks transformed today *fGFP *enhanced CFP *mRFP</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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BioBricks transformed today<br />
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*fGFP<br />
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*enhanced CFP<br />
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*mRFP</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/21_September_2009IBB Pune/21 September 20092009-10-21T21:46:24Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} No BKBN again. Finally, we have decided to skip it and take a BKBN from fGFP, if it works as expected.</p>
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No BKBN again.<br />
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Finally, we have decided to skip it and take a BKBN from fGFP, if it works as expected.</div>Mithrandir311http://2009.igem.org/IBB_Pune/19_September_2009IBB Pune/19 September 20092009-10-21T21:45:14Z<p>Mithrandir311: New page: {{Team:IBB_Pune/header}} {{Team:IBB_Pune/menu}} BioBricks transformed today *GFP coding sequence *promoter RBS *pSB1A2</p>
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<div>{{Team:IBB_Pune/header}}<br />
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BioBricks transformed today<br />
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*GFP coding sequence<br />
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*promoter RBS<br />
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*pSB1A2</div>Mithrandir311