Team:Chiba/Project

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:<Font Size="7">'''''E''.coli Time Manager '''</Font>  <html><a href="http://www.chiba-u.ac.jp/e/" target="_blank"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/5/5f/Logo_chiba-u.gif" align="right" width="250"></a></html>
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{| style="color:white;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" align="center" class="menu" |align="center"
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba|Home]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Team|The Team]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Parts|Parts]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Reference|Reference]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Notebook|Notebook]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Notebook/protocol|Protocols]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Links|Links]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Acknowledgements|Acknowledgements]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Contact|Contact]]
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[[Team:Chiba|Home]]
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'''[[Team:Chiba/Project|The Project]]'''
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[[Team:Chiba/Project|The Project]]
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'''1,''' [[Team:Chiba/Project#Introduction|Introduction]]
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Constructing A Delay Switch
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'''2,''' [[Team:Chiba/Project#Project_Design|Project Design]]
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流れをつくる
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'''3,''' [[Team:Chiba/Project#Experiments,_Results_&_Discussion|Experiments, Results & Discussion]]
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'''Parallel communication'''
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[[Team:Chiba/Project/LuxR Mutants|-LuxR Mutants]]
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3-1, [[Team:Chiba/Project#Making_LuxR_Mutants|Making LuxR Mutants]]
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[[Team:Chiba/Modeling|Modeling]]
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3-2, [[Team:Chiba/Project#Characterization_of_LuxR_Mutants|Characterization of LuxR Mutants]]
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Testing
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3-3, [[Team:Chiba/Project#Demonstration|Demonstration]]
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Results
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'''5,''' [[Team:Chiba/Project#Conclusions|Conclusions]]
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'''Series communication'''
 
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[[Team:Chiba/Project/Las Communication Check|-Las Check]]
 
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[[Team:Chiba/Modeling|Modeling]]
 
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Testing
 
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Results
 
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__NOTOC__
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Team|The Team]]
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== '''Introduction''' ==
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Parts|Parts]]
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=== Implementing a "Timer" Function! ===
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Reference|Reference]]
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{| width="100%" cellpadding="0px" cellspacing="5px" style="font-family:'Arial', sans-serif;"
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Notebook|Notebook]]
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|- style="background:#BC8F8FF; height:100px;" valign="top"
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Notebook/protocol|Protocols]]
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Links|Links]]
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*Our project is to make a sort of "timer", where gene activation is triggered after a certain time.
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Acknowledgements|Acknowledgements]]
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*Our approach to this goal is to create a series of transcription factors (TFs) that can be activated by the same inducer molecule but with a different sensitivity. In an environment where the inducer concentration gradually levels up, these TFs switches on one by one according to the order of sensitivity.
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!align="center"|[[Team:Chiba/Contact|Contact]]
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*We believe such collection of such TF variants would be useful for the timing control in biological function at will, and thereby contribute to the synthetic biology & iGEM community.
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*Using a set of  TF variants, we aimed to draw an "animated picture": a picture that pop up one by one.
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<embed  width="300" height="220" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/1/17/Chiba_demonstration.SWF?autostart=true&amp;repeat&amp;https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/1/17/Chiba_demonstration.SWF" quality="high" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"  allowfullscreen="true" />
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Fig. 1 Completion drawing of our bacterial timer
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== '''Introduction''' ==
 
== Project Design ==
== Project Design ==
 +
[[Image:Chiba LuxR.png|frame|left|Fig. 2 Function of LuxR :(1)LuxR protein generation, (2)AHL binding domain, (3)dimerization, (4)DNA binding domain]]
 +
*To create such a timer, we utilized LuxR, a protein used to mediate [[Team:Chiba/Project/Signaling-system|cell-cell communication during quorum sensing]], as shown in the figure on the left.
 +
*By inserting point-mutations in the ''luxR'' gene, we sought to create LuxR proteins requiring a variety of lengths of time to activate downstream transcription.
 +
<br style="clear: both" />
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== Experiments, Results & Discussion ==
 +
===[[Making delayed-LuxR mutants|Making delayed-LuxR mutants]]===
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====Experiments====
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[[Image:Chiba_making_Luxr.jpg|frame|center|Fig.3 Y Directed evolution to get some delayed-LuxR mutants]]
 +
*We created a mutant library of LuxR (size = 8000) with the use of error-prone PCR and incorporated the resulting coding regions into expression vectors.
 +
*The vectors were then transformed into a strain of E.coli JW1226 cells harboring plux-gfp and grew approximately 200 colonies.
 +
*The colonies were lifted off the agar plate with a nitrocellulose filter and transfered to a plate containing AHL in order to observe the evolution of GFP fluorescence over time (Fig. 4).
 +
*We selected 13 colonies that were slow to display fluorescence, which we designated as delayed-LuxR mutants.
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[[Image:chiba09_exp2.png|frame|center|Fig. 4 display fluorescence]]
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<center>
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<embed  width="300" height="220"  src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/0/09/Chiba-by_pentax.SWF?autostart=true&amp;repeat&amp;https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/0/09/Chiba-by_pentax.SWF" quality="high" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"  allowfullscreen="true" />
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</center>
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<br style="clear: both" />
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=== Signaling System ===
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=== Characterization of LuxR Mutants ===
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In this project, we use acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), signaling
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[[Image:Chiba-LuxRs characterization.png|frame|right|Fig.5 Characterization of LuxR Mutants]]
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molecules used for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum_sensing quorum sensing] in gram negative bacteria.
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==== Experiments (Fig.5) ====
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'''Senders''' express LuxI or similar enzymes, which catalyze the production
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#JW1226  bacterial strains co-transformed with plasmids containing either wild-type or mutant (13 variants) LuxR and pLux-GFP were cultured at  37&deg;C for 12h.
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of AHLs, under the control of a constitutive (Tet) promoter. Each cell
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#Using a pin, the culture was transfered to a nitrocellulose filter, placed on an agar plate, cultured at 37&deg;C for an additional 12h.
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thus generates AHL more or less at a constant rate. AHL can freely
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#The nitrocellulose filter was then transfered to a solid medium containing 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 nM AHL.
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permeate cell membranes and are detected by neighboring cells.
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#Designating this the start point, we observed fluorescence through the naked eye at 30 minute intervals for 4 hours under UV light of 365nm (Funakoshi UVGL-58 at long wave mode).
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'''Receivers''' constitutively express LuxR proteins (or a similar
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<br style="clear: both" />
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ortholog), the protein that detects AHL concentrations. When AHLs bind
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==== Fluorescence scored at near-end point (6h) ====
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LuxR proteins, the AHL-LuxR complex activates the Lux promoter. The
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[[Image:Chiba-Mutants3.png|frame|center|Fig.6 Fluorescence photos at 6h after incubation]]
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threshold [AHL] at which switching occurs is determined by the
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*Mutant LuxRs showed different threshold in AHL concentration required for switching.
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affinity of AHL for the particulr LuxR ortholog.
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*As expected, many (not all) of the mutants isolated in our screening were with lower sensitivity to AHL, compared to WT: Mutant #2 and #4 showed similar threshold value of [AHL] with WT. Most others requied about 10x higher concentration for switching.  Mutants #1, #12, and #13 required as much as 100x higher concentration of AHL (1uM).
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[[Team:Chiba/Project/Quorum_Sensing|(more about quorum sensing)]]
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*The result indicates that one of the major 'solution' to generate delay in color development  was to down-tune the sensitivity of LuxRs.
 +
<br style="clear: both" />
 +
====  Time-course color development on the plate with fixed (100 nM) conc. of AHL. ====
 +
[[Image:Chiba-Mutants4.png|center|frame|Fig.7 fluorescence photos on 100 nM AHL medium plate]]
 +
<br style="clear: both" />
 +
*Upon full induction, the intensity of GFP fluorescence reaches plateau in 90 mins: this gives the time-resolution of our animated picture.
 +
*At the end point of this experiment (6h after induction), clone #1 and #2 showed same level of fluorescence (blitheness) with WT. However, they were significantly slower in color development. Note that the switching threshold of clone #2 appears almost the same with WT at the end point (fig.6). This indicates that this clone is as sensitive to AHL as wildtype but less efficient in activating the LuxP promoter, thereby realizing the apparent delay in our system.
 +
*Many others exhibited slower color development, and they did not reach the maximum level of fluorescence. Further analysis (transfer curves in different time points) would provide more insight into the molecular basis on how they achieve the delayed color development.
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=== Constructing A Delay Switch, Multiple Ways ===
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<br style="clear: both" />
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2008のことを述べ、Mutantの実験をやってない(今年はやる)とせつめい。
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In principle, there are three ways to delay the activation of chemical communications;
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====Genotypes====
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#'''Silencing the Speakers''': Rate of signal accumulation down-regulated, for instance, by slowing down the signal generators.  
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*The following lists where point-mutations were incorporated into the ''luxR'' gene.
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#'''Desensitize Receivers''': Switching threshold elevated, for instance, by using insensitive receiver/ reporter systems.  
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[[Image:Chiba-Mutants.png|frame|center|Fig. 8 Hypothetical positions of residues in TraR corresponding to those found to modulate acyl-HSL specificity in LuxR(Nassser et al., 2007). The crystal structure of the LuxR homologue TraR (PDB 1L3L) has been determined (Zhang et al., 2002). Pink represents AHL-binding domain and cyan represents DNA-binding domain.]]
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#'''Partial Blocking''': Decreasing the by chewing the signal up.
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*A delayed GFP expression (in comparison to wild-type LuxR) phenotype was observed from colonies housing genes in which either the AHL-binding domain or the DNA binding domain had been mutated.
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=== 時限装置の集合体で時間の流れを表す ===
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=== Demonstration ===
 +
#Double-Transformed (pUC-LuxR Mutants series-ColE1 and pLux-GFPuv-P15A) and cultured on LB-Amp-Cm-plate. (37°C,12h)
 +
#Pick and cultured in 10mL of LB-Amp-Cm (37°C,12h).
 +
#Drawing picture with those liquid culture on nitrocellulose Filter.
 +
#Those nitrocellulose Filter placed on LB-Amp-Cm-plate.
 +
#Cultured at 37°C, 12h.
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#Transfer pictures on [[Team:Chiba/Project/for_painting|special]] plate.
 +
#Exposed to UV (365nm) light once every 30 minutes to observe GFP fluorescence.
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Chiba_DSCF6003.jpg|T=0
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6019.jpg|T=130 min
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6023.jpg|T=150 min
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6029.jpg|T=180 min
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6039.jpg|T=230 min
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6046.jpg|T=260 min
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6054.jpg|T=300 min
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Image:Chiba_DSCF6060.jpg|T=360 min
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</gallery>
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==== 1, Parallel Communication ====
 
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[[Team:Chiba/Project/Parallel]]
 
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*For the determination of best condition for E coli painting, [[Team:Chiba/Project/for_painting|Click here]]!
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==== 2, Series communication ====
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[[Team:Chiba/Project/Series]]
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== Conclusions ==
== Conclusions ==
-
 
+
*By using error-prone PCR, we have created a LuxR library.
-
 
+
*With a simple and convenient screening method, we have isolated various LuxR mutants which confer delayed switching behavior in GFP signals.
 +
*By introducing these LuxR variants together with reporter genes (such as GFP) under the control of Lux promoter, we created bacteria 'ink's that develop their color with unique delay-time.
 +
*We conducted painting with these bacteria inks thereby created animated pictures.
 +
*Characterization of LuxR mutants is ongoing. But our preliminary data showed that some of the variants turned out to be the one with less sensitivity to AHLs, and others seemed to be as sensitive as wild-type LuxR but seemed less efficient somewhere in the downstream process.
 +
*We created variety of Biobricks during the course of this projects. Some of them are characterized and sent to the HQ, and many more are almost ready for shipping!
 +
<br /><br /><br />
 +
*[http://chem.tf.chiba-u.jp/igem/2009demo.html see more pics?]
|}
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Latest revision as of 04:00, 22 October 2009

E.coli Time Manager


The Project

1, Introduction

2, Project Design

3, Experiments, Results & Discussion

3-1, Making LuxR Mutants

3-2, Characterization of LuxR Mutants

3-3, Demonstration

5, Conclusions

Introduction

Implementing a "Timer" Function!

  • Our project is to make a sort of "timer", where gene activation is triggered after a certain time.
  • Our approach to this goal is to create a series of transcription factors (TFs) that can be activated by the same inducer molecule but with a different sensitivity. In an environment where the inducer concentration gradually levels up, these TFs switches on one by one according to the order of sensitivity.
  • We believe such collection of such TF variants would be useful for the timing control in biological function at will, and thereby contribute to the synthetic biology & iGEM community.
  • Using a set of TF variants, we aimed to draw an "animated picture": a picture that pop up one by one.

Fig. 1 Completion drawing of our bacterial timer

Project Design

Fig. 2 Function of LuxR :(1)LuxR protein generation, (2)AHL binding domain, (3)dimerization, (4)DNA binding domain
  • To create such a timer, we utilized LuxR, a protein used to mediate cell-cell communication during quorum sensing, as shown in the figure on the left.
  • By inserting point-mutations in the luxR gene, we sought to create LuxR proteins requiring a variety of lengths of time to activate downstream transcription.


Experiments, Results & Discussion

Making delayed-LuxR mutants

Experiments

Fig.3 Y Directed evolution to get some delayed-LuxR mutants
  • We created a mutant library of LuxR (size = 8000) with the use of error-prone PCR and incorporated the resulting coding regions into expression vectors.
  • The vectors were then transformed into a strain of E.coli JW1226 cells harboring plux-gfp and grew approximately 200 colonies.
  • The colonies were lifted off the agar plate with a nitrocellulose filter and transfered to a plate containing AHL in order to observe the evolution of GFP fluorescence over time (Fig. 4).
  • We selected 13 colonies that were slow to display fluorescence, which we designated as delayed-LuxR mutants.
Fig. 4 display fluorescence


Characterization of LuxR Mutants

Fig.5 Characterization of LuxR Mutants

Experiments (Fig.5)

  1. JW1226 bacterial strains co-transformed with plasmids containing either wild-type or mutant (13 variants) LuxR and pLux-GFP were cultured at 37°C for 12h.
  2. Using a pin, the culture was transfered to a nitrocellulose filter, placed on an agar plate, cultured at 37°C for an additional 12h.
  3. The nitrocellulose filter was then transfered to a solid medium containing 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 nM AHL.
  4. Designating this the start point, we observed fluorescence through the naked eye at 30 minute intervals for 4 hours under UV light of 365nm (Funakoshi UVGL-58 at long wave mode).


Fluorescence scored at near-end point (6h)

Fig.6 Fluorescence photos at 6h after incubation
  • Mutant LuxRs showed different threshold in AHL concentration required for switching.
  • As expected, many (not all) of the mutants isolated in our screening were with lower sensitivity to AHL, compared to WT: Mutant #2 and #4 showed similar threshold value of [AHL] with WT. Most others requied about 10x higher concentration for switching. Mutants #1, #12, and #13 required as much as 100x higher concentration of AHL (1uM).
  • The result indicates that one of the major 'solution' to generate delay in color development was to down-tune the sensitivity of LuxRs.


Time-course color development on the plate with fixed (100 nM) conc. of AHL.

Fig.7 fluorescence photos on 100 nM AHL medium plate


  • Upon full induction, the intensity of GFP fluorescence reaches plateau in 90 mins: this gives the time-resolution of our animated picture.
  • At the end point of this experiment (6h after induction), clone #1 and #2 showed same level of fluorescence (blitheness) with WT. However, they were significantly slower in color development. Note that the switching threshold of clone #2 appears almost the same with WT at the end point (fig.6). This indicates that this clone is as sensitive to AHL as wildtype but less efficient in activating the LuxP promoter, thereby realizing the apparent delay in our system.
  • Many others exhibited slower color development, and they did not reach the maximum level of fluorescence. Further analysis (transfer curves in different time points) would provide more insight into the molecular basis on how they achieve the delayed color development.


Genotypes

  • The following lists where point-mutations were incorporated into the luxR gene.
Fig. 8 Hypothetical positions of residues in TraR corresponding to those found to modulate acyl-HSL specificity in LuxR(Nassser et al., 2007). The crystal structure of the LuxR homologue TraR (PDB 1L3L) has been determined (Zhang et al., 2002). Pink represents AHL-binding domain and cyan represents DNA-binding domain.
  • A delayed GFP expression (in comparison to wild-type LuxR) phenotype was observed from colonies housing genes in which either the AHL-binding domain or the DNA binding domain had been mutated.

Demonstration

  1. Double-Transformed (pUC-LuxR Mutants series-ColE1 and pLux-GFPuv-P15A) and cultured on LB-Amp-Cm-plate. (37°C,12h)
  2. Pick and cultured in 10mL of LB-Amp-Cm (37°C,12h).
  3. Drawing picture with those liquid culture on nitrocellulose Filter.
  4. Those nitrocellulose Filter placed on LB-Amp-Cm-plate.
  5. Cultured at 37°C, 12h.
  6. Transfer pictures on special plate.
  7. Exposed to UV (365nm) light once every 30 minutes to observe GFP fluorescence.


  • For the determination of best condition for E coli painting, Click here!

Conclusions

  • By using error-prone PCR, we have created a LuxR library.
  • With a simple and convenient screening method, we have isolated various LuxR mutants which confer delayed switching behavior in GFP signals.
  • By introducing these LuxR variants together with reporter genes (such as GFP) under the control of Lux promoter, we created bacteria 'ink's that develop their color with unique delay-time.
  • We conducted painting with these bacteria inks thereby created animated pictures.
  • Characterization of LuxR mutants is ongoing. But our preliminary data showed that some of the variants turned out to be the one with less sensitivity to AHLs, and others seemed to be as sensitive as wild-type LuxR but seemed less efficient somewhere in the downstream process.
  • We created variety of Biobricks during the course of this projects. Some of them are characterized and sent to the HQ, and many more are almost ready for shipping!




  • [http://chem.tf.chiba-u.jp/igem/2009demo.html see more pics?]