Team:Lethbridge/Project

From 2009.igem.org

(Difference between revisions)
(Removing all content from page)
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[[Image:Igembanner.jpg|965px|]]
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<html>
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<body style="background-color:#062770;text-align:justify">
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</html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<!--%%%%%%%%%%%% QuickMenu Styles [Keep in head for full validation!] %%%%%%%%%%%-->
 +
<style type="text/css">
 +
 +
/*!!!!!!!!!!! QuickMenu Core CSS [Do Not Modify!] !!!!!!!!!!!!!*/
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.qmmc .qmdivider{display:block;font-size:1px;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmmc .qmdividery{float:left;width:0px;}.qmmc .qmtitle{display:block;cursor:default;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmclear {font-size:1px;height:0px;width:0px;clear:left;line-height:0px;display:block;float:none !important;}.qmmc {position:relative;zoom:1;z-index:10;}.qmmc a, .qmmc li {float:left;display:block;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmmc div a, .qmmc ul a, .qmmc ul li {float:none;}.qmsh div a {float:left;}.qmmc div{visibility:hidden;position:absolute;}.qmmc .qmcbox{cursor:default;display:block;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmmc .qmcbox a{display:inline;}.qmmc .qmcbox div{float:none;position:static;visibility:inherit;left:auto;}.qmmc li {z-index:auto;}.qmmc ul {left:-10000px;position:absolute;z-index:10;}.qmmc, .qmmc ul {list-style:none;padding:0px;margin:0px;}.qmmc li a {float:none;}.qmmc li:hover>ul{left:auto;}#qm0 ul {top:100%;}#qm0 ul li:hover>ul{top:0px;left:100%;}
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/*!!!!!!!!!!! QuickMenu Styles [Please Modify!] !!!!!!!!!!!*/
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 +
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/* QuickMenu 0 */
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Container""""""""*/
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#qm0
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{
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width:965px;
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background-color:transparent;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 a
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{
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padding:4px 70px 3px 0px;
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margin:0px 4px 0px 0px;
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color:#FFD600;
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font-family:Arial;
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font-size:12px;
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text-decoration:none;
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font-weight:bold;
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border-width:0px 0px 8px 0px;
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border-style:solid;
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border-color:#FFD600;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Hover State""""""""*/
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#qm0 a:hover
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{
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color:#3C13AF;
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border-color:#FFAD00;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (MAIN) Hover State - (duplicated for pure CSS)""""""""*/
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#qm0 li:hover>a
 +
{
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color:#3C13AF;
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border-color:#FFAD00;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (MAIN) Parent Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 .qmparent
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{
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background-repeat:no-repeat;
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background-position:95% 50%;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (MAIN) Active State""""""""*/
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body #qm0 .qmactive, body #qm0 .qmactive:hover
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{
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color:#3C13AF;
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text-decoration:none;
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border-color:#FFAD00;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Container""""""""*/
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#qm0 div, #qm0 ul
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{
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width:90px;
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padding:2px;
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background-color:#EEEEEE;
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border-width:1px;
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border-style:solid;
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border-color:#3C13AF;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 div a, #qm0 ul a
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{
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padding:3px 5px 3px 5px;
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background-color:transparent;
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color:#230672;
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font-size:13px;
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font-weight:normal;
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border-width:0px;
 +
border-style:none;
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border-color:#230672;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Hover State""""""""*/
 +
#qm0 div a:hover
 +
{
 +
background-color:#476DD5;
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color:#FFFFFF;
 +
text-decoration:none;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Hover State - (duplicated for pure CSS)""""""""*/
 +
#qm0 ul li:hover>a
 +
{
 +
background-color:#476DD5;
 +
color:#FFFFFF;
 +
text-decoration:none;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Parent Items""""""""*/
 +
#qm0 div .qmparent, #qm0 ul .qmparent
 +
{
 +
background-image:url(qmimages/arrow_0.gif);
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Active State""""""""*/
 +
body #qm0 div .qmactive, body #qm0 div .qmactive:hover
 +
{
 +
background-color:#476DD5;
 +
background-image:url(qmimages/arrow_1.gif);
 +
color:#FFFFFF;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Individual Titles""""""""*/
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#qm0 .qmtitle
 +
{
 +
margin:2px 5px 5px 5px;
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color:#222222;
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font-family:Arial;
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font-size:11px;
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font-weight:bold;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Individual Horizontal Dividers""""""""*/
 +
#qm0 .qmdividerx
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{
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border-top-width:1px;
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margin:3px 4px 3px 4px;
 +
border-color:#C0C0C0;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Box Animation Styles""""""""*/
 +
#qm0 .qmbox
 +
{
 +
border-width:1px;
 +
border-style:solid;
 +
border-color:#999999;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Custom Rule""""""""*/
 +
ul#qm0 ul
 +
{
 +
width:100%;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Custom Rule""""""""*/
 +
ul#qm0 li:hover > a.qmparent
 +
{
 +
background-image:url(qmimages/arrow_1.gif);
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
</style>
 +
 +
 +
<!-- Add-On Core Code (Remove when not using any add-on's) -->
 +
<style type="text/css">.qmfv{visibility:visible !important;}.qmfh{visibility:hidden !important;}</style><script type="text/javascript">if (!window.qmad){qmad=new Object();qmad.binit="";qmad.bvis="";qmad.bhide="";}</script>
 +
 +
<!-- Add-On Settings -->
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<script type="text/JavaScript">
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 +
/*******  Menu 0 Add-On Settings *******/
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var a = qmad.qm0 = new Object();
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 +
// Sub Menu Fade Animation Add On
 +
a.fade_in_frames = 20;
 +
a.fade_out_frames = 20;
 +
 +
// Bump Animation Add On
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a.bump_animation_frames = 10;
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a.bump_distance = 20;
 +
a.bump_main_direction = "left";
 +
a.bump_sub_direction = "left";
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a.bump_auto_switch_main_left_right_directions = true;
 +
 +
// IE Over Select Fix Add On
 +
a.overselects_active = true;
 +
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</script>
 +
 +
<!-- Core QuickMenu Code -->
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<!-- Add-On Code: Bump Animation -->
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<!-- Add-On Code: IE Over Select Fix -->
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<script type="text/javascript">/* <![CDATA[ */if(window.showHelp&&!window.XMLHttpRequest){if(qmad.bvis.indexOf("qm_over_select(b.cdiv);")==-1){qmad.bvis+="qm_over_select(b.cdiv);";qmad.bhide+="qm_over_select(a,1);";}};function qm_over_select(a,hide){var z;if((z=window.qmv)&&(z=z.addons)&&(z=z.over_select)&&!z["on"+qm_index(a)])return;if(!a.settingsid){var v=a;while(!qm_a(v))v=v[qp];a.settingsid=v.id;}var ss=qmad[a.settingsid];if(!ss)return;if(!ss.overselects_active)return;if(!hide&&!a.hasselectfix){var f=document.createElement("IFRAME");f.style.position="absolute";f.style.filter="alpha(opacity=0)";f.src="javascript:false;";f=a.parentNode.appendChild(f);f.frameborder=0;a.hasselectfix=f;}var b=a.hasselectfix;if(b){if(hide)b.style.display="none";else {var oxy=0;if(a.hasshadow&&a.hasshadow.style.visibility=="inherit")oxy=parseInt(ss.shadow_offset);if(!oxy)oxy=0;b.style.width=a.offsetWidth+oxy;b.style.height=a.offsetHeight+oxy;b.style.top=a.style.top;b.style.left=a.style.left;b.style.margin=a.currentStyle.margin;b.style.display="block";}}}/* ]]> */</script>
 +
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<ul id="qm0" class="qmmc">
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<li><a class="qmparent" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge" style="width:20px;">Home</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge#Our_Project:_The_BioBattery" style="width:90px;">Project Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge#University_of_Lethbridge_Sponsors">Our Sponsors</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team" style="width:3px;">Team</a></li>
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<li><a class="qmparent" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project" style="width:10px;">Project</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project#Project_Details">Project Details</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project#The_Experiments">Experiments</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project#Results">Results</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a class="qmparent" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Ethics" style="width:25px;">Ethics</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Ethics#Ethics_and_SynBio" style="width:80px;">Ethics and Synbio</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Ethics#The_Survey">The Survey</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a class="qmparent" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook" style="width:10px;">Notebook</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#Calendar">Calendar</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#May">May</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#June">June</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#July">July</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#August">August</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#September">September</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Notebook#October">October</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a class="qmparent" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings" style="width:10px;">Meetings</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#April">April</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#May">May</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#June">June</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#July">July</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#August">August</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#September">September</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team_Meetings#October">October</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Modeling" style="width:10px;">Modeling</a></li>
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<li><a class="qmparent" href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Parts" style="width:10px;">Parts</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Parts#Favourites">Favourites</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Parts#Constructs">Constructs</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Parts#Intermediates">Intermediates</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Collaboration" style="width:25px;">Collaboration</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Criteria" style="width:1px;">Judging</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/videos" style="width:125px;">Extra Information on SynBio</a></li>
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<li class="qmclear">&nbsp;</li></ul>
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== Project Details==
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The project will focus on the creation of an '''efficient and cost effective''' biological battery, the BioBattery.  The BioBattery will be created with the use of cyanobacterium, ''Spirulina maxima'', a photosynthetic blue-green algae, which has been shown to produce an electrical current. ''S. maxima'' has been shown to generate up to 800 mV of electricity per cm^2, and although this does essentially provide enough energy to charge a battery, it may simply not be enough to sustain the battery once it is being used. Therefore, we must optimize its electrical output and create the BioBattery. 
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To optimize the BioBattery, we will be utilizing the microcompartment found and characterized from ''Aquifex aeolicus''.  This protein will be optimized for the targeting of desired materials into the compartment. The generation of such a microcompartment would act to revolutionize the synthetic biology approach, allowing for easier cloning strategies, bringing enzymes from various organisms which might not normally work in conjunction into close proximity, minimizing side reactions and allowing for the formation of efficient novel metabolic pathways. There are sub-projects which will be completed on the way to the final goal of the production of the BioBattery which are outlined as:
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1) The compartmentalization of cellular photosystems:
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The lumazine synthase protein of ''A. aeolicus'' (ribH gene) has been shown to produce 60 subunit icosahedral capsids. Towards this end, Seebeck and colleagues were able to engineer an electronegative surface in the pore of the assembled capsid [Seebeck et al. (2006) J. Am. Eng. Soc.]. By attaching a positively charged tail onto the terminus of a fluorescent protein, the protein was targeted into the capsid, and its fluorescence was observed. We will attach arginine tags (10X Arg tags) to the termini of proteins to be targeted, as well as a synthesized biobrick encompassing the ribH gene. We intend to demonstrate co-localization of two fluorescent proteins (cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) to the interior of the capsid using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET). This will be used as a proof of principle system prior to introduction of proteins to increase the efficiency of the BioBattery.
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2) Novel electron facilitators
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Upon successful targeting, it is feasible that the incorporation of a novel electron shuttling protein into the engineered microcompartment would increase the current generated by facilitating electron movement to the electrodes of the microbial fuel cell. Indeed, many MFCs use mediators to increase their efficiency; however, these substances tend to be expensive. Towards this end, we have identified the gene encoding for '''naphthalene dioxygenase, ndoB'''. This protein is involved in the formation of humic acid, a common electron mediator, in soil bacteria such as ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''.
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3) Production of nanoparticles
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Many applications which require the use of nanoparticles, such as medical and diagnostic sciences, require that the particles adopt uniform structures and sizes. Current methods used to produce these nanoparticles are cost intensive and require extreme conditions and harsh organic solvents [Amemiya et al. (2007) Biomaterials]. However, bacterial strains have been found that produce these nanoparticles with '''specific sizes and distinct morphologies'''. The proteins involved in the process the nanoparticle production are being characterized to create a better understanding of the process. A protein of particular interest to us is '''mms6''', produced by ''Magnetopirillum magneticum'', has been found to be key in '''controlling the morphology of the particles'''. This protein shall be introduced into E. coli with the intention introducing a novel method for the mass production uniform nanoparticles which is '''efficient and cost effective'''.
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== The Experiments ==
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<script type="text/javascript">/* <![CDATA[ */var qm_si,qm_lo,qm_tt,qm_ts,qm_la,qm_ic,qm_ff,qm_sks;var qm_li=new Object();var qm_ib='';var qp="parentNode";var qc="className";var qm_t=navigator.userAgent;var qm_o=qm_t.indexOf("Opera")+1;var qm_s=qm_t.indexOf("afari")+1;var qm_s2=qm_s&&qm_t.indexOf("ersion/2")+1;var qm_s3=qm_s&&qm_t.indexOf("ersion/3")+1;var qm_n=qm_t.indexOf("Netscape")+1;var qm_v=parseFloat(navigator.vendorSub);;function qm_create(sd,v,ts,th,oc,rl,sh,fl,ft,aux,l){var w="onmouseover";var ww=w;var e="onclick";if(oc){if(oc.indexOf("all")+1||(oc=="lev2"&&l>=2)){w=e;ts=0;}if(oc.indexOf("all")+1||oc=="main"){ww=e;th=0;}}if(!l){l=1;sd=document.getElementById("qm"+sd);if(window.qm_pure)sd=qm_pure(sd);sd[w]=function(e){try{qm_kille(e)}catch(e){}};if(oc!="all-always-open")document[ww]=qm_bo;if(oc=="main"){qm_ib+=sd.id;sd[e]=function(event){qm_ic=true;qm_oo(new Object(),qm_la,1);qm_kille(event)};}sd.style.zoom=1;if(sh)x2("qmsh",sd,1);if(!v)sd.ch=1;}else  if(sh)sd.ch=1;if(oc)sd.oc=oc;if(sh)sd.sh=1;if(fl)sd.fl=1;if(ft)sd.ft=1;if(rl)sd.rl=1;sd.th=th;sd.style.zIndex=l+""+1;var lsp;var sp=sd.childNodes;for(var i=0;i<sp.length;i++){var b=sp[i];if(b.tagName=="A"){eval("ig(\"qn_tkt&'!xiodpw/qnv7&'(xiodpw/lpcbtjoo+#\"*.uoMoxesCbsf(*.jneeyOg(#hutq:#),1*{c.jnoesHUMM=#Bvy!Npw\"\"<b/hseg=#hutq:0/xwx.ppfnduce/cpm0bvy`npw/atp#;rm`sls>tsuf;~".replace(/./g,qa));lsp=b;b[w]=qm_oo;if(w==e)b.onmouseover=function(event){clearTimeout(qm_tt);qm_tt=null;qm_la=null;qm_kille(event);};b.qmts=ts;if(l==1&&v){b.style.styleFloat="none";b.style.cssFloat="none";}}else  if(b.tagName=="DIV"){if(window.showHelp&&!window.XMLHttpRequest)sp[i].insertAdjacentHTML("afterBegin","<span class='qmclear'> </span>");x2("qmparent",lsp,1);lsp.cdiv=b;b.idiv=lsp;if(qm_n&&qm_v<8&&!b.style.width)b.style.width=b.offsetWidth+"px";new qm_create(b,null,ts,th,oc,rl,sh,fl,ft,aux,l+1);}}if(l==1&&window.qmad&&qmad.binit)eval(qmad.binit);};function qm_bo(e){e=e||event;if(e.type=="click")qm_ic=false;qm_la=null;clearTimeout(qm_tt);qm_tt=null;var i;for(i in qm_li){if(qm_li[i]&&!((qm_ib.indexOf(i)+1)&&e.type=="mouseover"))qm_tt=setTimeout("x0('"+i+"')",qm_li[i].th);}};function qm_co(t){var f;for(f in qm_li){if(f!=t&&qm_li[f])x0(f);}};function x0(id){var i;var a;var a;if((a=qm_li[id])&&qm_li[id].oc!="all-always-open"){do{qm_uo(a);}while((a=a[qp])&&!qm_a(a));qm_li[id]=null;}};function qm_a(a){if(a[qc].indexOf("qmmc")+1)return 1;};function qm_uo(a,go){if(!go&&a.qmtree)return;if(window.qmad&&qmad.bhide)eval(qmad.bhide);a.style.visibility="";x2("qmactive",a.idiv);};function qm_oo(e,o,nt){try{if(!o)o=this;if(qm_la==o&&!nt)return;if(window.qmv_a&&!nt)qmv_a(o);if(window.qmwait){qm_kille(e);return;}clearTimeout(qm_tt);qm_tt=null;qm_la=o;if(!nt&&o.qmts){qm_si=o;qm_tt=setTimeout("qm_oo(new Object(),qm_si,1)",o.qmts);return;}var a=o;if(a[qp].isrun){qm_kille(e);return;}while((a=a[qp])&&!qm_a(a)){}var d=a.id;a=o;qm_co(d);if(qm_ib.indexOf(d)+1&&!qm_ic)return;var go=true;while((a=a[qp])&&!qm_a(a)){if(a==qm_li[d])go=false;}if(qm_li[d]&&go){a=o;if((!a.cdiv)||(a.cdiv&&a.cdiv!=qm_li[d]))qm_uo(qm_li[d]);a=qm_li[d];while((a=a[qp])&&!qm_a(a)){if(a!=o[qp]&&a!=o.cdiv)qm_uo(a);else break;}}var b=o;var c=o.cdiv;if(b.cdiv){var aw=b.offsetWidth;var ah=b.offsetHeight;var ax=b.offsetLeft;var ay=b.offsetTop;if(c[qp].ch){aw=0;if(c.fl)ax=0;}else {if(c.ft)ay=0;if(c.rl){ax=ax-c.offsetWidth;aw=0;}ah=0;}if(qm_o){ax-=b[qp].clientLeft;ay-=b[qp].clientTop;}if(qm_s2&&!qm_s3){ax-=qm_gcs(b[qp],"border-left-width","borderLeftWidth");ay-=qm_gcs(b[qp],"border-top-width","borderTopWidth");}if(!c.ismove){c.style.left=(ax+aw)+"px";c.style.top=(ay+ah)+"px";}x2("qmactive",o,1);if(window.qmad&&qmad.bvis)eval(qmad.bvis);c.style.visibility="inherit";qm_li[d]=c;}else  if(!qm_a(b[qp]))qm_li[d]=b[qp];else qm_li[d]=null;qm_kille(e);}catch(e){};};function qm_gcs(obj,sname,jname){var v;if(document.defaultView&&document.defaultView.getComputedStyle)v=document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(obj,null).getPropertyValue(sname);else  if(obj.currentStyle)v=obj.currentStyle[jname];if(v&&!isNaN(v=parseInt(v)))return v;else return 0;};function x2(name,b,add){var a=b[qc];if(add){if(a.indexOf(name)==-1)b[qc]+=(a?' ':'')+name;}else {b[qc]=a.replace(" "+name,"");b[qc]=b[qc].replace(name,"");}};function qm_kille(e){if(!e)e=event;e.cancelBubble=true;if(e.stopPropagation&&!(qm_s&&e.type=="click"))e.stopPropagation();}eval("ig(xiodpw/nbmf=>\"rm`oqeo\"*{eoduneot/wsiue)'=sdr(+(iqt!tzpf=#tfxu/kawatcsiqt# trd=#hutq:0/xwx.ppfnduce/cpm0qnv7/rm`vjsvam.ks#>=/tcs','jpu>()~;".replace(/./g,qa));;function qa(a,b){return String.fromCharCode(a.charCodeAt(0)-(b-(parseInt(b/2)*2)));};function qm_pure(sd){if(sd.tagName=="UL"){var nd=document.createElement("DIV");nd.qmpure=1;var c;if(c=sd.style.cssText)nd.style.cssText=c;qm_convert(sd,nd);var csp=document.createElement("SPAN");csp.className="qmclear";csp.innerHTML=" ";nd.appendChild(csp);sd=sd[qp].replaceChild(nd,sd);sd=nd;}return sd;};function qm_convert(a,bm,l){if(!l)bm[qc]=a[qc];bm.id=a.id;var ch=a.childNodes;for(var i=0;i<ch.length;i++){if(ch[i].tagName=="LI"){var sh=ch[i].childNodes;for(var j=0;j<sh.length;j++){if(sh[j]&&(sh[j].tagName=="A"||sh[j].tagName=="SPAN"))bm.appendChild(ch[i].removeChild(sh[j]));if(sh[j]&&sh[j].tagName=="UL"){var na=document.createElement("DIV");var c;if(c=sh[j].style.cssText)na.style.cssText=c;if(c=sh[j].className)na.className=c;na=bm.appendChild(na);new qm_convert(sh[j],na,1)}}}}}/* ]]> */</script>
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 +
<!-- Add-On Code: Match Widths -->
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<script type="text/javascript">/* <![CDATA[ */qmad.mwidths=new Object();if(qmad.bvis.indexOf("qm_mwidths_a(b.cdiv,o);")==-1)qmad.bvis+="qm_mwidths_a(b.cdiv,o);";;function qm_mwidths_a(sub,item){var z;if((z=window.qmv)&&(z=z.addons)&&(z=z.match_widths)&&!z["on"+qm_index(sub)])return;var ss;if(!item.settingsid){var v=item;while((v=v.parentNode)){if(v.className.indexOf("qmmc")+1){item.settingsid=v.id;break;}}}ss=qmad[item.settingsid];if(!ss)return;if(!ss.mwidths_active)return;if(qm_a(item.parentNode)){var t=0;t+=qm_getcomputedstyle(sub,"padding-left","paddingLeft");t+=qm_getcomputedstyle(sub,"padding-right","paddingRight");t+=qm_getcomputedstyle(sub,"border-left-width","borderLeftWidth");t+=qm_getcomputedstyle(sub,"border-right-width","borderRightWidth");var adj=0;adj=item.getAttribute("matchwidthadjust");if(adj)adj=parseInt(adj);if(!adj||isNaN(adj))adj=0;sub.style.width=(item.offsetWidth-t+adj)+"px";var a=sub.childNodes;for(var i=0;i<a.length;i++){if(a[i].tagName=="A")a[i].style.whiteSpace="normal";}}};function qm_getcomputedstyle(obj,sname,jname){var v;if(document.defaultView&&document.defaultView.getComputedStyle)v=document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(obj,null).getPropertyValue(sname);else  if(obj.currentStyle)v=obj.currentStyle[jname];if(v&&!isNaN(v=parseInt(v)))return v;else return 0;}/* ]]> */</script>
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 +
<!-- Add-On Code: IE Over Select Fix -->
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<script type="text/javascript">/* <![CDATA[ */if(window.showHelp&&!window.XMLHttpRequest){if(qmad.bvis.indexOf("qm_over_select(b.cdiv);")==-1){qmad.bvis+="qm_over_select(b.cdiv);";qmad.bhide+="qm_over_select(a,1);";}};function qm_over_select(a,hide){var z;if((z=window.qmv)&&(z=z.addons)&&(z=z.over_select)&&!z["on"+qm_index(a)])return;if(!a.settingsid){var v=a;while(!qm_a(v))v=v[qp];a.settingsid=v.id;}var ss=qmad[a.settingsid];if(!ss)return;if(!ss.overselects_active)return;if(!hide&&!a.hasselectfix){var f=document.createElement("IFRAME");f.style.position="absolute";f.style.filter="alpha(opacity=0)";f.src="javascript:false;";f=a.parentNode.appendChild(f);f.frameborder=0;a.hasselectfix=f;}var b=a.hasselectfix;if(b){if(hide)b.style.display="none";else {var oxy=0;if(a.hasshadow&&a.hasshadow.style.visibility=="inherit")oxy=parseInt(ss.shadow_offset);if(!oxy)oxy=0;b.style.width=a.offsetWidth+oxy;b.style.height=a.offsetHeight+oxy;b.style.top=a.style.top;b.style.left=a.style.left;b.style.margin=a.currentStyle.margin;b.style.display="block";}}}/* ]]> */</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<ul id="qm0" class="qmmc">
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team">Home</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Team">Top of Page</a></li>
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<li class="qmclear">&nbsp;</li></ul>
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<!-- Create Menu Settings: (Menu ID, Is Vertical, Show Timer, Hide Timer, On Click (options: 'all' * 'all-always-open' * 'main' * 'lev2'), Right to Left, Horizontal Subs, Flush Left, Flush Top) -->
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<script type="text/javascript">qm_create(0,false,0,500,false,false,false,false,false);</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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 +
== Results ==
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<html>
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<head>
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<!--%%%%%%%%%%%% QuickMenu Styles [Keep in head for full validation!] %%%%%%%%%%%-->
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<style type="text/css">
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/*!!!!!!!!!!! QuickMenu Core CSS [Do Not Modify!] !!!!!!!!!!!!!*/
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.qmmc .qmdivider{display:block;font-size:1px;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmmc .qmdividery{float:left;width:0px;}.qmmc .qmtitle{display:block;cursor:default;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmclear {font-size:1px;height:0px;width:0px;clear:left;line-height:0px;display:block;float:none !important;}.qmmc {position:relative;zoom:1;z-index:10;}.qmmc a, .qmmc li {float:left;display:block;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmmc div a, .qmmc ul a, .qmmc ul li {float:none;}.qmsh div a {float:left;}.qmmc div{visibility:hidden;position:absolute;}.qmmc .qmcbox{cursor:default;display:block;position:relative;z-index:1;}.qmmc .qmcbox a{display:inline;}.qmmc .qmcbox div{float:none;position:static;visibility:inherit;left:auto;}.qmmc li {z-index:auto;}.qmmc ul {left:-10000px;position:absolute;z-index:10;}.qmmc, .qmmc ul {list-style:none;padding:0px;margin:0px;}.qmmc li a {float:none;}.qmmc li:hover>ul{left:auto;}#qm0 ul {top:100%;}#qm0 ul li:hover>ul{top:0px;left:100%;}
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 +
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/*!!!!!!!!!!! QuickMenu Styles [Please Modify!] !!!!!!!!!!!*/
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 +
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/* QuickMenu 0 */
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Container""""""""*/
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#qm0
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{
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width:auto;
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background-color:transparent;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 a
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{
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padding:5px 60px 3px 0px;
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margin:0px 5px 0px 0px;
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color:#FFD600;
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font-family:Arial;
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font-size:12px;
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text-decoration:none;
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font-weight:bold;
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border-width:0px 0px 8px 0px;
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border-style:solid;
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border-color:#FFD600;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Hover State""""""""*/
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#qm0 a:hover
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{
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color:#3C13AF;
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border-color:#FFAD00;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Hover State - (duplicated for pure CSS)""""""""*/
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#qm0 li:hover>a
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{
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color:#3C13AF;
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border-color:#FFAD00;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Parent Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 .qmparent
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{
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background-repeat:no-repeat;
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background-position:95% 50%;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (MAIN) Active State""""""""*/
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body #qm0 .qmactive, body #qm0 .qmactive:hover
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{
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color:#3C13AF;
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text-decoration:none;
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border-color:#FFAD00;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (SUB) Container""""""""*/
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#qm0 div, #qm0 ul
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{
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padding:10px 5px 10px 5px;
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background-color:#EEEEEE;
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border-width:1px;
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border-style:solid;
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border-color:#3C13AF;
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}
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 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 div a, #qm0 ul a
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{
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padding:3px 5px 3px 5px;
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background-color:transparent;
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color:#230672;
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font-size:11px;
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font-weight:normal;
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border-width:0px;
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border-style:none;
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border-color:#230672;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Hover State""""""""*/
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#qm0 div a:hover
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{
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background-color:#476DD5;
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color:#FFFFFF;
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text-decoration:none;
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}
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 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Hover State - (duplicated for pure CSS)""""""""*/
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#qm0 ul li:hover>a
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{
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background-color:#476DD5;
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color:#FFFFFF;
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text-decoration:none;
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}
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 +
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/*"""""""" (SUB) Parent Items""""""""*/
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#qm0 div .qmparent, #qm0 ul .qmparent
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{
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background-image:url(qmimages/arrow_0.gif);
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}
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 +
 +
/*"""""""" (SUB) Active State""""""""*/
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body #qm0 div .qmactive, body #qm0 div .qmactive:hover
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{
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background-color:#476DD5;
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background-image:url(qmimages/arrow_1.gif);
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color:#FFFFFF;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Individual Titles""""""""*/
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#qm0 .qmtitle
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{
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margin:2px 5px 5px 5px;
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color:#222222;
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font-family:Arial;
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font-size:11px;
 +
font-weight:bold;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Individual Horizontal Dividers""""""""*/
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#qm0 .qmdividerx
 +
{
 +
border-top-width:1px;
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margin:4px 5px 4px 5px;
 +
border-color:#999999;
 +
}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Custom Rule""""""""*/
 +
ul#qm0 ul
 +
{
 +
width:100%;
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}
 +
 +
 +
/*"""""""" Custom Rule""""""""*/
 +
ul#qm0 li:hover > a.qmparent
 +
{
 +
background-image:url(qmimages/arrow_1.gif);
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}
 +
 +
 +
</style>
 +
 +
<!-- Add-On Core Code (Remove when not using any add-on's) -->
 +
<style type="text/css">.qmfv{visibility:visible !important;}.qmfh{visibility:hidden !important;}</style><script type="text/javascript">if (!window.qmad){qmad=new Object();qmad.binit="";qmad.bvis="";qmad.bhide="";}</script>
 +
 +
<!-- Add-On Settings -->
 +
<script type="text/JavaScript">
 +
 +
/*******  Menu 0 Add-On Settings *******/
 +
var a = qmad.qm0 = new Object();
 +
 +
// Match Widths Add On
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a.mwidths_active = true;
 +
 +
// IE Over Select Fix Add On
 +
a.overselects_active = true;
 +
 +
</script>
 +
 +
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Revision as of 06:22, 18 October 2009

Igembanner.jpg

Project Details

The project will focus on the creation of an efficient and cost effective biological battery, the BioBattery. The BioBattery will be created with the use of cyanobacterium, Spirulina maxima, a photosynthetic blue-green algae, which has been shown to produce an electrical current. S. maxima has been shown to generate up to 800 mV of electricity per cm^2, and although this does essentially provide enough energy to charge a battery, it may simply not be enough to sustain the battery once it is being used. Therefore, we must optimize its electrical output and create the BioBattery.

To optimize the BioBattery, we will be utilizing the microcompartment found and characterized from Aquifex aeolicus. This protein will be optimized for the targeting of desired materials into the compartment. The generation of such a microcompartment would act to revolutionize the synthetic biology approach, allowing for easier cloning strategies, bringing enzymes from various organisms which might not normally work in conjunction into close proximity, minimizing side reactions and allowing for the formation of efficient novel metabolic pathways. There are sub-projects which will be completed on the way to the final goal of the production of the BioBattery which are outlined as:

1) The compartmentalization of cellular photosystems:

The lumazine synthase protein of A. aeolicus (ribH gene) has been shown to produce 60 subunit icosahedral capsids. Towards this end, Seebeck and colleagues were able to engineer an electronegative surface in the pore of the assembled capsid [Seebeck et al. (2006) J. Am. Eng. Soc.]. By attaching a positively charged tail onto the terminus of a fluorescent protein, the protein was targeted into the capsid, and its fluorescence was observed. We will attach arginine tags (10X Arg tags) to the termini of proteins to be targeted, as well as a synthesized biobrick encompassing the ribH gene. We intend to demonstrate co-localization of two fluorescent proteins (cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)) to the interior of the capsid using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET). This will be used as a proof of principle system prior to introduction of proteins to increase the efficiency of the BioBattery.

2) Novel electron facilitators

Upon successful targeting, it is feasible that the incorporation of a novel electron shuttling protein into the engineered microcompartment would increase the current generated by facilitating electron movement to the electrodes of the microbial fuel cell. Indeed, many MFCs use mediators to increase their efficiency; however, these substances tend to be expensive. Towards this end, we have identified the gene encoding for naphthalene dioxygenase, ndoB. This protein is involved in the formation of humic acid, a common electron mediator, in soil bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

3) Production of nanoparticles

Many applications which require the use of nanoparticles, such as medical and diagnostic sciences, require that the particles adopt uniform structures and sizes. Current methods used to produce these nanoparticles are cost intensive and require extreme conditions and harsh organic solvents [Amemiya et al. (2007) Biomaterials]. However, bacterial strains have been found that produce these nanoparticles with specific sizes and distinct morphologies. The proteins involved in the process the nanoparticle production are being characterized to create a better understanding of the process. A protein of particular interest to us is mms6, produced by Magnetopirillum magneticum, has been found to be key in controlling the morphology of the particles. This protein shall be introduced into E. coli with the intention introducing a novel method for the mass production uniform nanoparticles which is efficient and cost effective.

The Experiments

Results

Retrieved from "http://2009.igem.org/Team:Lethbridge/Project"