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Team:Imperial College London/Stomach
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| - | =<b> | + | =<b>The Stomach & Proteolysis:</b>= |
| + | [[Image:Digestivesystem.jpg|100px|left]] | ||
| - | + | The stomach is the first point at which polypeptides are broken down. It is here that large polypeptides are broken down into peptides. This process broadly involves two steps. First polypeptides are denatured by stomach acid, which causes them to open up. Subsequently, these denatured polypeptides are attacked by the protease pepsin. Pepsin is a powerful protease that cleaves at the N-terminus after aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. The optimum pH of pepsin is from 1.5 to 2, at a pH of above 5 denaturation occurs. This means that pepsin is only functional in the acidic environment of the stomach. Small peptides leaving the stomach are later broken down into amino acids once they enter the duodenum. | |
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{{Imperial/09/Division}} | {{Imperial/09/Division}} | ||
| - | ==Stomach== | + | ===The Stomach Simulator=== |
| - | + | One of the enzymes that we are showcasing is phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (as a treatment for PKU). If this enzyme was simply swallowed in an unencapsulated form it would be cleaved in 146 places by pepsin in the stomach. | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | Click on the <i>perform</i> button to see a simulated digestion of PAH by pepsin. Alternativly, paste in your own sequence into the box below to see if it would be a good candidate for encapsulation. | |
| - | + | <html> | |
| - | + | <body> | |
| - | + | <div id='sib_container'> | |
| - | + | <div id = 'sib_body'> | |
| - | + | <form method=POST action="http://www.expasy.ch/cgi-bin/peptidecutter/peptidecutter.pl" target="_blank"> | |
| - | + | <textarea name="protein" rows=5 cols=50>Met S T A V L E N P G L G R K L S D F G Q E T S Y I E D N C N Q N G A I S L I F S L K E E V G A L A K V L R L F E E N D V N L T H I E S R P S R L K K D E Y E F F T H L D K R S L P A L T N I I K I L R H D I G A T V H E L S R D K K K D T V P W F P R T I Q E L D R F A N Q I L S Y G A E L D A D H P G F K D P V Y R A R R K Q F A D I A Y N Y R H G Q P I P R V E Y Met E E E K K T W G T V F K T L K S L Y K T H A C Y E Y N H I F P L L E K Y C G F H E D N I P Q L E D V S Q F L Q T C T G F R L R P V A G L L S S R D F L G G L A F R V F H C T Q Y I R H G S K P Met Y T P E P D I C H E L L G H V P L F S D R S F A Q F S Q E I G L A S L G A P D E Y I E K L A T I Y W F T V E F G L C K Q G D S I K A Y G A G L L S S F G E L Q Y C L S E K P K L L P L E L E K T A I Q N Y T V T E F Q P L Y Y V A E S F N D A K E K V R N F A A T I P R P F S V R Y D P Y T Q R I E V L D N T Q Q L K I L A D S I N S E I G I L C S A L Q K I K Stop</textarea> | |
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| - | + | <input type="submit" value="Perform"> | |
| - | + | <input type=hidden name=enzyme_number value= less_enzymes checked> | |
| - | + | <input type=hidden name=enzyme value=Pn1.3 checked> | |
| - | == | + | <input type=hidden checked name=cleavage_map value=cleavage_map> |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | ||
| - | + | <select name="block_size" size=1 style="display:none"> | |
| + | <option selected value= "60" selected> | ||
| + | </select> | ||
| + | <input type=hidden name=alphtable checked value=alphtable> | ||
| + | <input type=hidden name=cleave_number checked value=all> | ||
| + | </form> | ||
| + | <br><A HREF="http://www.expasy.ch/tools/peptidecutter/tools/peptidecutter/peptidecutter_references.html">references</A> /<A HREF="http://www.expasy.ch/tools/peptidecutter/tools/peptidecutter/peptidecutter_instructions.html">documentation</A> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div id = 'sib_last_update'></div> | ||
| + | <div id = 'sib_footer'> </div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | </body> | ||
| + | </html> | ||
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| - | === | + | <html><center><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/M2"><img width=150px src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/1/10/II09_TourArrow.png"></a> |
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{{Imperial/09/TemplateBottom}} | {{Imperial/09/TemplateBottom}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:30, 19 October 2009
The Stomach & Proteolysis:
The stomach is the first point at which polypeptides are broken down. It is here that large polypeptides are broken down into peptides. This process broadly involves two steps. First polypeptides are denatured by stomach acid, which causes them to open up. Subsequently, these denatured polypeptides are attacked by the protease pepsin. Pepsin is a powerful protease that cleaves at the N-terminus after aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. The optimum pH of pepsin is from 1.5 to 2, at a pH of above 5 denaturation occurs. This means that pepsin is only functional in the acidic environment of the stomach. Small peptides leaving the stomach are later broken down into amino acids once they enter the duodenum.
The Stomach Simulator
One of the enzymes that we are showcasing is phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (as a treatment for PKU). If this enzyme was simply swallowed in an unencapsulated form it would be cleaved in 146 places by pepsin in the stomach.
Click on the perform button to see a simulated digestion of PAH by pepsin. Alternativly, paste in your own sequence into the box below to see if it would be a good candidate for encapsulation.
