Team:Imperial College London/M1/PKU

From 2009.igem.org

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===Phenylketonuria===
===Phenylketonuria===
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[[Image:II09_PAH_Action.png|right|300px]]
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[[Image:II09_PAH_Action.png|right|250px]]
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<br><br>
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder where the body is unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. This is because of a deficiency of an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. Absence of PAH causes phenylalanine to break down into phenylketone instead. A chronically high level of phenylalanine, called hyperphenylalaninemia will result. Phenylalanine then accumulates in blood and tissues and results in characteristic symptoms of PKU.  Left untreated, PKU can lead to problems with brain development resulting in progressive mental retardation and brain damage.<br><br><br>
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder where the body is unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. This is because of a deficiency of an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. Absence of PAH causes phenylalanine to break down into phenylketone instead. A chronically high level of phenylalanine, called hyperphenylalaninemia will result. Phenylalanine then accumulates in blood and tissues and results in characteristic symptoms of PKU.  Left untreated, PKU can lead to problems with brain development resulting in progressive mental retardation and brain damage.<br><br>
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<html><left>
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Current treatments for PKU are centred around following a very strict low-protein diet. By engineering the <i>E.ncapsulator</i> to manufacture PAH, we hope that our cells can be taken as a dietary supplement to replace the missing PAH. This will break down phenylalanine from the diet, before it is absorbed into the bloodstream.
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<img style="border:0px solid #000;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Phenylketonuria_testing.jpg" width="250">
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PKU is usually detected at birth, and all new born babies are tested for the disease using a heel prick test. However, there is currently no cure for the condition. Current treatments are centred around following a very strict low-protein diet. By engineering the <i>E.ncapsulator</i> to manufacture PAH, we hope that our cells can be taken as a dietary supplement to replace the missing PAH. This will break down phenylalanine from the diet in the gut, before it is absorbed into the bloodstream.
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== Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Model==
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=== Useful Links ===
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This applet allows you to visualise the PAH 3D structure.
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<html>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jmol.sourceforge.net/jmol/Jmol.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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jmolInitialize("http://www.rcsb.org//pdb/Viewers/jmol-11.6/",true);
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    jmolSetCallback("loadStructCallback","myStructCallback");
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    jmolSetCallback("messageCallback",  "myMessageCallback");
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    jmolSetCallback("pickCallback",      "myPickCallback");
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    jmolSetAppletColor("white");
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    jmolApplet(550, "load http://www.rcsb.org//pdb/files/1DMW.pdb1.gz;select all;spacefill off; wireframe off;cartoon;color cartoon chain;select ligand;wireframe 40;spacefill 120;select all;model 0;");
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    jmolBr();
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</script>
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[http://www.nspku.org/ NSPKU: National Society for Phenylketonuria]
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<br><br>
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<html><center><a href="https://2009.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College_London/M1/EnzymeDelivery#Phenylalanine_Hydroxylase_(PAH)"><img width=150px src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2009/8/8e/II09_Back2Enz.png"></a></center>
</html>
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=== Useful Links ===
 
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[http://www.nspku.org/ NSPKU: National Society for Phenylketonuria]
 
{{Imperial/09/TemplateBottom}}
{{Imperial/09/TemplateBottom}}

Latest revision as of 18:33, 12 October 2009

Phenylketonuria

II09 PAH Action.png

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder where the body is unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. This is because of a deficiency of an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. Absence of PAH causes phenylalanine to break down into phenylketone instead. A chronically high level of phenylalanine, called hyperphenylalaninemia will result. Phenylalanine then accumulates in blood and tissues and results in characteristic symptoms of PKU. Left untreated, PKU can lead to problems with brain development resulting in progressive mental retardation and brain damage.


PKU is usually detected at birth, and all new born babies are tested for the disease using a heel prick test. However, there is currently no cure for the condition. Current treatments are centred around following a very strict low-protein diet. By engineering the E.ncapsulator to manufacture PAH, we hope that our cells can be taken as a dietary supplement to replace the missing PAH. This will break down phenylalanine from the diet in the gut, before it is absorbed into the bloodstream.

Useful Links

[http://www.nspku.org/ NSPKU: National Society for Phenylketonuria]


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