Team:Calgary/Human Practices/Ethics/SL Conference

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Ethics

• Ethical Considerations
• Ethics in Second Life
• The Valencia Survey
  

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Biological Safety
Notebook & Parts

Second Life ™ Ethics Conference

As a future suggested direction for our future University of Calgary iGEM Team, we put forward the idea of holding an ethics conference in the online virtual world of Second Life ™. The purpose of this conference would be to foster debate regarding ethical issues, amongst people, who have some background in the field of synthetic biology. This novel approach to the ethical aspect of our future projects would be different from the surveys and conferences that are usually organized from other teams when exploring ethics.

Second Life is an online, virtual world, where every object, costume, creature, and patch of land is designed by the world's inhabitants. It is a three-dimensional chat engine, a videogame platform, a virtual reality, and an online classroom all combined into one. It has also gained a lot of attention for its potential as an educational platform because 1) It has educational groups that are devoted to promote some specific fields of Business, Arts and Sciences and 2) It has educational islands and centers that are dedicated to promoting educational fields such as Arts and Sciences. Educational groups, such as those that are devoted to promote science, hold conferences and group discussions in which they invite guest speakers, who are either expert at the topic of discussed or are part of some organization that is related to the topic of discussion. They also invite general academic audience, who listen to the discussions and depending on the type of conference being held, they can also be part of it by either asking questions or advocating their perspectives and perceptions. Some of our University of Calgary iGEM team members have attended some conferences in Second Life ™ and they found these conferences to be very interesting, knowledgeable and communication friendly.

Some people might argue that why choose a Second Life ™ conference over a survey. In response, we would say that in the past, there were many iGEM teams that conducted surveys or self administered questionnaires and the results from these experiments were similar in some way or the other. There was less variation in the questions that were asked and the responses that were received. There are always limitations such as the complexity of the questions that are being asked because of the lack of knowledge about synthetic biology. Surveys pose restricted exploration of ethical issues. These issues usually entail a variety of opinions and view points. Surveys can restrict thinking and exploration of different perspectives on ethical issues. Therefore, we chose to conduct a Second Life ™ conference over a survey because it would be a novel approach to the project and it would be able to avoid some limitations that surveys have. Additionally, we recognize that data gathered from past surveys have indicated that generally, a greater understanding of synthetic biology is necessary- especially to hold meaningful discourse on the future and concerns regarding this field. To remedy potential gaps in knowledge, we have set up multiple educational initiatives that are outlined in the Outreach and Second Life sections of this wiki. Beyond that, however, we seek to ask a further question: Regardless of perceived knowledge, how can one have meaningful discourse between individuals, whether or not they have scientific backgrounds? Meaningful discourse, that is, the sharing of concerns and viewpoints, allow scientific fields to maintain social relevancy by directly addressing issues brought up by individuals from multiple backgrounds. Although the general public may not always have a complete understanding of a scientific undertaking, their opinions are still valid and must be addressed. In order to obtain a solid grasp on these issues, tools such as conferences and debates provide a support on which such discourse can be built. Some people might say that why not hold a live conference? Why choose Second Life ™? In response, we would say that since we are a student run team, we would not have the budget to hold a live conference. The Second Life ™ conference would avoid most of the cost that are required to organize live conferences. Some guest speakers might have busy schedules and they might not be able to attend a live conference. A Second Life ™ conference would also avoid this problem, as the Second Life ™ software is easily accessible over the internet and it does not take much time to become familiar with the online virtual world of Second Life ™.

Over the course of the summer, we learned some conceptual frameworks that we could apply to the ethical aspect of our 2009 University of Calgary iGEM project. We used the E3LS framework to analyze the ethical issues surrounding our 2009 iGEM project and synthetic biology. E3LS is an acronym for environmental, ethical, economical, legal and social issues. This framework allows us to categorize the ethical issues surrounding synthetic biology and our project and thus making it easier for us to analyze these issues. Some questions that arose when using the E3LS were: 1) would our system be cost-efficient (economical issue)? 2) Could our system be used to threaten bio-security (ethical issue)? 3) Would there be environmental side effects if we use our system in the environment (environmental issue)? 4) Should we patent our system or leave it as an open source for others to use (legal issue)? 5) What would be the society’s opinion on our system and its potential applications (social issue)? These are some of the ethical issues we had discussed with our team and it would be great if we could get an expert’s opinion on ethical issues like these. The Second Life ™ ethics conference would be a great platform for discussing ethical issues like these, as we would get opinions from a variety of academic (e.g. professors) or corporate (e.g. sponsors) audience.

We also watched a live online conference, called “Seeking Common Ground in the Ethical Debates about Techno-Sciences like Syn-Bio” on June 24th 2009, which was conducted by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at the Hastings Centre. The Conference provided our University of Calgary iGEM Team with another framework to work with called the Precautionary (critics of Synthetic Biology) and Proactionary Framework (Advocates of Synthetic Biology). We used this framework to examine the different perspectives of the Critics and Advocates of Synthetic Biology. Precautionary Framework suggests that even if there is a slight chance that some work has the potential to cause harm than either the research project should be aborted or there should be extensive research on the ethical implications and the potential harms of the research project prior beginning it. On the other hand, Proactionary principle suggests synthetic biology has an inherently positive attitude and feel that the field has great potential to solve issues facing our society. We could also discuss this framework at the conference and ask the invitees opinion on whether they agree with proactionary principle or the precautionary principle.

Some of the issues that will be up for discussion include:

• Why is it important to discuss the ethical aspect of synthetic biology?

• iGEM is a synthetic biology competition where UNDERGRADUATE TEAMS from all over the world come and compete for the best syn-bio project. Do you think that these UNDERGRADUATE TEAMS need to discuss the ethical aspect of their project prior to their project?

• What are some of the ethical issues that the field of synthetic biology has to face? Is there some kind of balance between costs and benefits of the potential applications?

• Some people believe that publications in the field of synthetic biology should be self regulated while others believe that the publications should be regulated by the government. What is your opinion?

• E3LS is a way to categorize the ethical issues surrounding the synthetic biology. Is either of the categories more important than the rest or all of the categories are equal in significance?

This year, we will be discussing some of the issues based on the reading by Michael Specter (“A Life of Its Own”). After the reading, the team will go into SL and talk about some of these issues, in hope that it will generate some interest from the public. For future iGEM teams, we canw invite guest speakers, who have either expertise in the field of synthetic biology or are somehow involved in the iGEM competition, and discuss with them some of the ethical issues mentioned above in the list. The time length of the conference would be at the discretion of the team and would be held at Synthetic Biology Interactive, which is an island in Second Life ™.