Module 3: Genome Deletion Overview

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes will cleave DNA at particular recognition sites. This leads to multiple double-stranded breakages in DNA, which are unlikely to be repaired in time and will subsequently result in cell death.

In our system, the restriction enzymes DpnII and TaqI are produced. DpnII and TaqI are 4 base cutters, specifically targetting and cutting the sequences GATC and TCGA respectively.

4 base cutters were chosen as they have a higher frequency of cleavage. Assuming equal distribution of nucleotides, each nucleotide has an equal probabiliy of occurring at any site.

The probability of cleavage at 4 sites is :

1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = (1/4)⁴

This means that on average the four cutter will cut every 256 base pairs. Given that the genome of E.coli is around 4 million base pairs, it will become totally digested.
This ensures that the genetic material contained within the cell will all be destroyed, including any inserted DNA.

Having 2 different restriction enzymes is part of a failsafe engineering design. The 2 different restriction enzymes recognise different DNA sequences, therefore still allowing the cutting of DNA in the improbable case where a particular recognition sequence is absent in a genome. More importantly, this ensures that if one of the restriction enzymes is mutated and does not work, the other can still serve to digest the genome. Therefore, by using two restriction enzymes, we can be more certain that our DNA has been digested.

A distinct advantage of using restriction enzymes for our 'killing' mechanism is that the the genetic material is removed, but the cell membrane is left intact. Therefore, the protein of interest will still be protected by the encapsulated cell. This renders the bacterium no more than an inanimate shell loaded with our protein drug of interest.