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Team:Valencia/WetLab/YeastTeam
WetLab Overview
The project our team focused on was about electrically controlling genetically engineered cells to induce a desired behaviour. In particular, our project has build achieved the ambitious goal of making Light Emitting Cells (LECs).
In order to do so, we have worked with a bioluminiscent protein called aequorin. Aequorin is present in jellyfish and it is responsible of the emission of light by these marine invertebrates. In order for aequorin to produce light, this protein has to be coupled to a prostetic group: coelenterazine. Coelenterazine is oxidized when calcium ions bind to the aequorin-coelenterazine complex and, as a result, light is emitted. This is not a fluorescent reaction, as aequorin does not need to be excited with light, it is bioluminescence.
Since we did not want to work with jellyfishes in the lab, we used budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a simple host for our experiments. We used a genetically modified yeast strain expressing aequorin. If grown with the prosthetic group, coelenterazine, this strain has been reported to produce light through a calcium channel-based system in response to a chemical stimulation (namely KOH).
We started to study those works, but screens are controled electrically, so our aim was to control electrically our LECs. Therefore, we induced a membrane depolarization by supplying transient electricity to our yeasts, thus opening voltage-dependent calcium channels to produce a calcium entry to cytosol and, as a result, get light emission from aequorin.
In summary, we designed a yeast-based system for the production of light through a jellyfish protein sensitive to calcium. Since calcium enters the cytoplasm through voltage-dependent channels, it is possible to have light emission under electrical control. We have shown that this is possible, as well as we have shown that having a biological display made of aequorin-expressing yeasts as living pixels is alsdo possible.
Some interesting bibliography used to develop this part of the project and that can be very interesting is found here
