Module Integration

In order for us to achieve our goal of having a relay race between GFP and RFP teams,

various parts from the the three modules must be integrated together into a single working system. What follows is a description of the requirements for the integrated system.

Signal Plasmid

The signal plasmid will contain the following features:

• oriTR - to allow transfer during conjugation
• constitutively expressed trbK - to block backward propagation of the signal, to reduce redundant transfer, and to prevent lethal zygosis
• constitutively expressed trbC - if lethal zygosis turn out to be a problem (undetermined)
• constitutively expressed GFP for the green team and RFP for the red team
• delay device
  • input: the delay is triggered by the presence of the helper plasmid
  • output: expression of the I-SceI homing endonuclease
• cut sites for the I-SceI homing endonuclease
• a low copy backbone to allow the endonuclease to destroy the signal plasmid

Helper Plasmid

The helper plasmid will consist of a modified R751 plasmid with the following features:

• trbK knockout to allow cells containing the helper plasmid to conjugate
• oriTR knockout to prevent transfer of the helper plasmid during conjugation
• trbC knockout to prevent lethal zygosis (undetermined)
• constitutively expressed trigger for the delay device

Initiator Cells

In our proposal the signal is started by placing Initiator Cells into a culture of calls capable of transmitting the signal. Special care must be taken with these cells so that the self-destruction timer is not activated before placing the cells into the communication medium, otherwise your signal plasmid will dissapear at some point while you are culturing the Initiator Cells. Several strategies can be used to avoid this:

1. The start of the delay can be linked to the presence of some external initiator such as IPTG.
2. A different type of cell can be made to initiate the signal. The helper plasmid in these cells would not contain the trigger which starts the delay. An externally triggered kill switch would allow these cells to be removed once the signal is propagating.
3. A further solution would be to simply take some cells from a culture where the signal is already propagating (although this raises a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_or_the_egg chicken-or-egg type problem]).
4. If the delay is long enough this will not be an issue. The requirement would be Delay Time > Culturing Time + Time for 1 Conjugation Event. This solution strictly limits the reset time available and is dependent on a very long delay.

Plasmid Stability

Plasmid stability in our system is an important factor, since the communication medium will only be able to select for the presence of the helper plasmid. R751 has its own plasmid partitioning system [4] so it will remain fairly stable, although this is not an issue since it will be selected for. The issue lies around the stability of the signal plasmid. We can not select for its presence since there will be both cells containing it and cells without it in the medium. Normally if the plasmid is lost there is not much that can be done, but the fact that we are using a conjugation system creates many interesting scenarios. If a cell divides and one of the daughters does not contain the signal plasmid that cell will still be surrounded by cells containing the signal plasmid and looking for receivers to transmit it to. The complication now arises due to the fact that the daughter cell has also inherited trbK entry exclusion protein. Until these significantly degrade, the daughter cell will not accept the signal plasmid from the neighboring cells. Unfortunately no data could be found on the degradation rates for trbK. What we can say is that if the degradation rate is high enough that the delay time remaining since the plasmid was lost is longer then the time for the trbK protein to degrade, neighboring cells will reintroduce the signal plasmid to the daughter cell at some point. The consequences of these effects remain to be determined. This is just one of many scenarios which can be envisioned involving plasmid stability issues. We look forward to addressing some of these issues experimentally once the communication system is functional.

Future Applications

We foresee many interesting applications becoming available once the full system is operational. These include everything from logic circuits to the generation of spatiotemporal patters:

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