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Safety

Below are our responses to the four questions posed by the iGEM judges:

1. Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of:

  Researcher Safety

Work with E. coli and Bacillus can be done under Class I microbiological safety regulations in the UK. The E. coli strains we used are harmless, and B. subtilis is also considered to be harmless, and is, in fact, used in large quantities in the food industry. We were careful to follow the microbiological safety rules laid down in our department. However, cadmium is a toxic metal. There are regulations and restrictions for working with heavy metals. To test our cadmium sensor device [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K174015 BBa_K174015], these regulations would have to be followed, although we did not get to this point. The UK Government's guidance for working with cadmium are at: [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg391.pdf HSE's guidance].

  Public Safety

Our project is about saequestering cadmium into inert spores. Spores are extremely resiliant bodies, able to withstand extremes of temperature, mechanical and enzymatic conditions. Once cadmium is immobilised in spores which are unable to germinate, the toxic metal should no longer provide a hazard to the environment. Even if consumed, germination-deficient spores will pass unchanged through the human alimentary canal. However, there may be a small risk from cadmium bound to the surface of the spore, which may leach from metallathionin-cotC fusion. Implementation of the project would require a period of time in which this leaching process could occur before the public was exposed to the spores.

  Environmental Safety 

Although B. subtilis is non-pathogenic, the release of genetically engineered organisms into the environment has been a contentious issue since the 1970s. There are numerous reviews which discuss the issues relating to the safety of introducing genetically engineered organisms into systems such as soil. One of our intructors (Anil Wipat) studied issues relating to the release of genetically engineered microorgansisms into the soil as part of his PhD [1]. Many systems have been proposed to try to ensure the sfety of GM organisms in the environment. For example, engineered systems can be introduced in suicide vectors which fail to maintain outside a contained area, thus preventing the spread of the genetically enfgineered sequence. Such measures could be employed by our project to enhance the safety of cadmium sequestering strains once released into contamined site.

2. Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?

There is an active biosafety committee within the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences. Our lab was reviewed during the period in which we were working on the project.

3. What does your local biosafety group think about your project?

4. Do any of the new BioBrick parts that you made this year raise any safety issues?

  If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry? 

[1] Wipat, A. (1990). Release and detection of geneticaly engineered streptomycetes in soil. Unpublished PhD thesis, Microbiology DEpartment, John Moores University.