Problem

The inspiration behind The E.ncapsulator was the inherent difficulty in delivering protein pharmaceuticals to the gut. Due to the delicate nature of proteins and the highly acidic environment present in the stomach, protein molecules are readily broken down - making oral drug delivery of protein pharmaceuticals impossible.
There are several diseases that are treated using oral delivery of peptides. Among these are: Malnutrition (world hunger) and Phenylketonuria (PKU), a disease associated with mental retardation due to insufficient ability to metabolize phenylalanine.

Some statistics

In this project, one of our applications is on synthesising phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), an enzyme responsible for metabolism of phenylalanine in PKU patients. The E.ncapsulator is a generic drug production and delivery platform, where we have also tackled other problems that require polypeptide delivery to the intestine. These are described later on in the tour.

Malnutrition (from [1])	PKU (from [2])
1 per 10,000 - 15,000 newborns are diagnosed with phenylketonuria in the USA	17,000,000 U.S. adults have physician-diagnosed diabetes (about 7.5 million males and 9.5 million females).
Prevalance Rate: approx 1 in 10,000 or 0.01% or 27,200 people in USA.	1,600,000 new cases of diagnosed diabetes are diagnosed every year.

Our Solution

The E.ncapsulator is a novel protein manufacture and delivery platform designed to overcome these difficulties. In order to learn more about each module of the system and what its doing, hover over the different parts of the image below:

Manufacturing Considerations

Synthesis: The system is generic and potentially able to manufacture any type of polypeptide.
Purification: In The E.ncapsulator, polypeptide synthesis (Module 1) and encapsulation of the cells(Module 2) occur in the same place. This dual production and delivery platform means that there is no need for expensive downstream purification processes.
Storage: Freeze drying in the encapsulation phase and secondary encapsulation allow for storage of The E.ncapsulator.
Quality Control: If one cell fails to produce the polypeptide of interest, it will have minimal impact on the whole system. In that if one cell fails to produce any protein it will have a minimal impact on the whole system.
Safety: In order to reduce risks associated with our product, we have chosen a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) chassis. Furthermore, all the genetic material is destroyed prior ingestion to prevent any risks of horizontal gene transfer after colonisation by the bacteria.