From 2009.igem.org

The Cambridge 2009 iGEM team searched far and wide to find suitable pigments that could be used as outputs. Though E. coli does not naturally produce any pigment, several other bacterial species secrete pigmented antibiotics. We mined bacterial genomes for pigment-producing operons, and transformed the most prominent candidates into E. coli. In particular, we have devoted our summer to 3 different pigment systems:

Carotenoids: The enzymes required for carotenoid production originally come from Pantoea ananatis, and were available in the registry. We used them to produce orange and red.

Melanin: The tyrosinase required for melanin production originally comes from Rhizobium etli and produces brown.

Violacein: The enzymes required for voilacein production originally come from Chromobacterium violacein. The operon can be manipulated to produce voilet, green, and blue.

As as a result of our efforts, this summer, we have submitted the following biobricks to the Registry. We hope that in the future this this kit of parts will be expanded in the future.

Biobrick	Colour
	Red
	Orange
	Brown
	Violet
	Dark Green
	Light Green

Choosing Pigments

We chose to pursue these 3 pigment systems for two main reasons. Visual Diversity: Not only do these devices come from different bacterial species, but between these systems we've almost made -- as cheesey as it sounds -- all the colours of the rainbow.

Design: We were able to use a variety of different techniques to build and design these pigment systems as biobricks. The carotenoid parts were already in the Registry, and were used standard assembly protocols to build pigment producing devices. The melanin system is a single gene which we endeavoured to turn into a biobrick by PCR. Finally, we designed the violacein operon for synthesis, codon optimizing it for both E. coli and B. subtilis and designing it so it is easy to manipulate to generate different pigments.

Potential for Gene Manipulation: The melanin system is particularly elegant in that a single gene is able to generate pigment as long as the bacteria are supplemented with copper and tyrosine. On the flip side, the carotenoid and violacein systems are multi-gene operons that make more than one pigment each. Further, they generate pigments without any supplements to the media.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Template:Cambridge2}}<!--Do not remove the first and last lines in this page!-->
-= Pigments =
+= Colour Generators =
-*'''Colour''':  Though ''E. coli'' does not naturally produce pigment, several other bacterial species secrete pigmented antibiotics.  We have used pigment-producing operons from other bacterial species and transformed them into ''E. coli''.  In particular, we have devoted our summer to 3 different pigment systems:
+==The Kit of Parts==
-:*'''[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/CA01 Carotenoids]''': The enzymes required for carotenoid production originally come from ''Pantoea ananatis,'' and were available in the registry.  We used them to produce orange and red.
-:*'''[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/Melanin Melanin]''': The tyrosinase required for melanin production originally comes from ''Rhizobium etli'' and produces brown.
+The Cambridge 2009 iGEM team searched far and wide to find suitable pigments that could be used as outputs.  Though ''E. coli'' does not naturally produce any pigment, several other bacterial species secrete pigmented antibiotics. We mined bacterial genomes for pigment-producing operons, and transformed the most prominent candidates into ''E. coli''. In particular, we have devoted our summer to 3 different pigment systems:
-:*'''[https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Project/Violacein Violacein]''':  The enzymes required for voilacein production originally come from ''Chromobacterium violacein.''  The operon can be manipulated to produce voilet, green, and blue.
+:*'''[[Team:Cambridge/Project/CA01 |Carotenoids]]''': The enzymes required for carotenoid production originally come from ''Pantoea ananatis,'' and were available in the registry.  We used them to produce orange and red.
+[[Image:Cam09_ca1.jpg|300px]][[Image:Cam09_ca2.jpg|300px]]
+:*'''[[Team:Cambridge/Project/ME01 |Melanin]]''': The tyrosinase required for melanin production originally comes from ''Rhizobium etli'' and produces brown.
+[[Image:SDC105451.JPG|400px]]
+:*'''[[Team:Cambridge/Project/VI01 |Violacein]]''':  The enzymes required for voilacein production originally come from ''Chromobacterium violacein.''  The operon can be manipulated to produce voilet, green, and blue.
+[[Image:Cam09_vio.jpg|300px]][[Image:Cam09_gre.jpg|300px]]
+As as a result of our efforts, this summer, we have submitted the following biobricks to the Registry.  We hope that in the future this this kit of parts will be expanded in the future.
+{|border="1" cellpadding="5"
+|-
+!Biobrick
+!Colour
+|-
+|<partinfo>BBa_K274100</partinfo>
+|Red
+|-
+|<partinfo>BBa_K274200</partinfo>
+|Orange
+|-
+|<partinfo>BBa_K274001</partinfo>
+|Brown
+|-
+|<partinfo>BBa_K274002</partinfo>
+|Violet
+|-
+|<partinfo>BBa_K274003</partinfo>
+|Dark Green
+|-
+|<partinfo>BBa_K274004</partinfo>
+|Light Green
+|}
+==Choosing Pigments==
+We chose to pursue these 3 pigment systems for two main reasons.
+'''Visual Diversity''': Not only do these devices come from different bacterial species, but between these systems we've almost made -- as cheesey as it sounds -- all the colours of the rainbow.
+[[Image:RAINBOW.png|700px]]
+'''Design''': We were able to use a variety of different techniques to build and design these pigment systems as biobricks. The carotenoid parts were already in the Registry, and were used standard assembly protocols to build pigment producing devices. The melanin system is a single gene which we endeavoured to turn into a biobrick by PCR. Finally, we designed the violacein operon for synthesis, codon optimizing it for both E. coli and B. subtilis and designing it so it is easy to manipulate to generate different pigments.
+'''Potential for Gene Manipulation''': The melanin system is particularly elegant in that a single gene is able to generate pigment as long as the bacteria are supplemented with copper and tyrosine. On the flip side, the carotenoid and violacein systems are multi-gene operons that make more than one pigment each. Further, they generate pigments without any supplements to the media.
 <!--Do not remove the first and last lines in this page!-->{{Template:CambridgeBottom}}

Team:Cambridge/Project/Pigments

From 2009.igem.org

Latest revision as of 23:26, 21 October 2009

Categories :

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Notebook :

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Colour Generators

The Kit of Parts

Choosing Pigments