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Overview Sensitivity Tuner --- Characterisation --- Modelling Colour Generators --- Carotenoids (Orange/Red) --- Melanin (Brown) --- Violacein (Purple/Green) The Future Safety

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Pigments

• Colour: Though E. coli does not naturally produce pigment, several other bacterial species secrete pigmented antibiotics. We have used pigment-producing operons from other bacterial species and transformed them into E. coli. In particular, we have devoted our summer to 3 different pigment systems:

• Carotenoids: The enzymes required for carotenoid production originally come from Pantoea ananatis, and were available in the registry. We used them to produce orange and red.
• Melanin: The tyrosinase required for melanin production originally comes from Rhizobium etli and produces brown.
• Violacein: The enzymes required for voilacein production originally come from Chromobacterium violacein. The operon can be manipulated to produce voilet, green, and blue.