Team:Paris/Production overview Tol/Pal

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<span/ id="bottom">[https://2009.igem.org/ iGEM ] > [[Team:Paris#top | Paris]] > [[Team:Paris/Production_overview#top | Production]] > [[Team:Paris/Production_overview#bottom | Overview]] > [[Team:Paris/Production_overview_Tol/Pal#overview | Tol/Pal]]
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<span/ id="bottom">[https://2009.igem.org/ iGEM ] > [[Team:Paris#top | Paris]] > [[Team:Paris/Production_overview#top | Vesicle production system]] > [[Team:Paris/Production_overview_Tol/Pal#overview | Tol/Pal]]
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===A. Tol/Pal===
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==A. Tol/Pal==
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La paroi bactérienne est composée d'éléments extracellulaires : protéines, polysaccharides, lipides. C'est la paroi qui donne à la bactérie sa forme. Il y a deux grands types de bactéries, mis en évidence par la coloration de Gram. (gram + et gram -).
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E. Coli is gram-. Its membrane is complex included: the inner membrane and the outer membrane. Between both, there is a layer of peptidoglycan.
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The outer membrane presents lipo-polysaccharides (LPS). We find also porins and other proteins. There are receivers for the entrance of nourishing elements, receivers in pili ( bacterial conjugation), receivers where settles bacteriophage. It has properties of selective permeability, protection and support. This complex of proteins is in place to maintain the stability between the inner membrane and the outer membrane.
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E. Coli fait partit du groupe des gram -. Sa paroi est plus complexe. Elle comprend deux membranes : la membrane plasmique et la membrane externe. Entre les deux, il y a une couche mince de peptidoglycane.
 
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La membrane externe présente des lipo-polysaccharides (LPS). Elle joue le rôle de barrière protectrice contre un certain nombre d'agents comme les antibiotiques. Elles laissent passer des éléments nutritifs, des déchets du métabolisme. On y trouve des porines et d'autres transporteurs. Il y a des récepteurs pour l'entrée d'éléments nutritifs, des récepteurs à pili (interviennent dans la conjugaison bactérienne), des récepteurs où se fixent les bactériophages (virus des bactéries). Elle a donc des propriétés de perméabilité sélective, de protection et d'adhésion. De nombreux complexes protéiques sont en place pour maintenir la stabilité entre la membrane interne et la membrane externe.
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In particular the system called Tol-Pal consisted of five proteins, TolA, TolB, TolQ, TolR and Pal<sup><span id="1">[[Team:Paris/Production_overview_Tol/Pal#References|[1]]]</span></sup><sup><span id="1">[[Team:Paris/Production_overview_Tol/Pal#References|[2]]]</span></sup>. This complex allows to maintain the integrity of the membrane. Studies showed that if we destabilize this system, we also destabilize the membrane, leading then a production of vesicles. But when the membrane of the bacteria stays for such a long time in this state of destabilization, the bacteria produces too many vesicles and go in state of lysis<sup><span id="1">[[Team:Paris/Production_overview_Tol/Pal#References|[2]]]</span></sup>.
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Notamment le système appelé Tol-Pal composé de cinq protéines, TolA, TolB, TolQ, TolR and Pal. Ce complexe permet de maintenir l'intégrité de la paroi. De nombreuse études ont montré que si l'on déstabilise ce système, on déstabilise aussi la membrane, induisant alors une production de vésicule. Mais quand la membrane de la bactérie reste trop longtemps dans cet état de déstabilisation, la bactérie produit alors trop de vésicule et rentre en état de lyse cellulaire.
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What is Tol-Pal complex ?
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The five proteins organised this complex<sup><span id="1">[[Team:Paris/Production_overview_Tol/Pal#References|[3]]]</span></sup>.
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The TolA/Q/R proteins form a protein complex in the inner membrane. TolB is a periplasmic protein associated with Pal, a lipoprotein. Pal is anchored to the outer membrane and interacts with the peptidoglycan layer. There are interactions with TolA–Pal and TolA–TolB.
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[[Image:TolPal.jpg|250px|center| Tol-Pal system]]
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Latest revision as of 16:45, 19 October 2009

iGEM > Paris > Vesicle production system > Tol/Pal

Overview

A. Tol/Pal

E. Coli is gram-. Its membrane is complex included: the inner membrane and the outer membrane. Between both, there is a layer of peptidoglycan. The outer membrane presents lipo-polysaccharides (LPS). We find also porins and other proteins. There are receivers for the entrance of nourishing elements, receivers in pili ( bacterial conjugation), receivers where settles bacteriophage. It has properties of selective permeability, protection and support. This complex of proteins is in place to maintain the stability between the inner membrane and the outer membrane.


In particular the system called Tol-Pal consisted of five proteins, TolA, TolB, TolQ, TolR and Pal[1][2]. This complex allows to maintain the integrity of the membrane. Studies showed that if we destabilize this system, we also destabilize the membrane, leading then a production of vesicles. But when the membrane of the bacteria stays for such a long time in this state of destabilization, the bacteria produces too many vesicles and go in state of lysis[2].


What is Tol-Pal complex ?

The five proteins organised this complex[3]. The TolA/Q/R proteins form a protein complex in the inner membrane. TolB is a periplasmic protein associated with Pal, a lipoprotein. Pal is anchored to the outer membrane and interacts with the peptidoglycan layer. There are interactions with TolA–Pal and TolA–TolB.


Tol-Pal system

References

  1. ^Transmembrane a-helix interactions are required for the functional assembly of the escherichia coli Tol complex. Lazzaroni & Geli 1995 - [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=179564 179564]
  2. ^The Tol-Pal proteins of the Escherichia coli cell envelope an energized system required for outer membrane integrity. Lloubès & Journet 2001 - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11501670 11501670]
  3. ^Improved methods for producing outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria. Henry & Lloubès 2004 - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15249060 15249060]

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